The Psychology of Post-Conventional Morality and Martin Luther King Jr.

Presentation Ethics, as characterized by clinician, are the perspectives and convictions held by people that guide in the assurance or what is correct and what's up (Hock 142). It is accepted that what is considered good is controlled by our way of life and the standards present in that culture. It is additionally accepted that we are not brought into the world with a set up set of ethics; rather, we should pick up this blueprint of what is good all through our youth and puberty and into adulthood. So as to appropriately break down the degree Bandura social learning hypothesis plays in the achievement of level three, phase six, of Kohlberg’s moral advancement hypothesis the speculations of Kohlberg and Bandura must be appropriately delineated. The utilization of these speculations will at that point by applied to instance of Martin Luther King, Jr. who watched, through writings, the peaceful dissent techniques for Mohandas Gandhi. Lawrence Kohlberg, concentrating his examination on Jean Piaget, picked up in enthusiasm for youngster advancement. While at the University of Chicago, Kohlberg clarified upon the thoughts set out by Piaget and suggested the conversation starter â€Å"how does the irreverent newborn child become equipped for moral reasoning† (Hock 143)? Because of his exploration, Kohlberg made his ethical improvement stage hypothesis. His hypothesis comprises of three phases and each stage has two particular levels. In the principal level, known as either pre-ordinary ethical quality or pre-good, an individual shows just personal circumstance. In the main phase of this level an individual will act ethically basically in light of the fact that they are spurred by remunerations or disciplines. In stage two, the wellbeing of the individual is the inspiration for moral conduct. Customary profound quality, the subsequent level, is the place a person’s connection between others assumes a bigger job in moral beha... ...a be proposed that one can grow ethically even without this immediate model-onlooker connection if every other condition are met. These conditions being: consideration, maintenance, engine multiplication, and inspiration. This exposition has endeavored at declaring that history can directly affect moral turn of events and can go about as the model when applied to circumstances that contain the mix of variables. Book reference 1) Hock, Roger R. Forty Studies that Changed Psychology: Explorations into the History of Psychological Research. fifth. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2005. 142-50. Print. 2) Weber, Thomas Gandhi as Disciple and Mentor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 3) Rudolf, Lloyd L., and Susanne Hoeber Rudolf. Post Modern Gandhi and different papers. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006. 92-120. Print.

Week two questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week two inquiries - Assignment Example During the time spent thinking about what to place into advertise, other than having business development as a main priority it is likewise critical to set up the appropriateness of the item to the client. In that line, the association may be compelled to continually look for the chance to present new items and new methodology to attack new markets and furthermore to make new hierarchical structures. Building up smart thoughts from impractical notions is one central point in setting up a market specialty. Having the option to relate what the client desires are as to a specific item particularly the last item quality whether high or low doesn't rely upon the value versatility of interest. Or maybe, it connected more with the particular needs that the specific item is intended to fulfill. This is an idea that is proposed to comprehend an example among effective promoting organizations. It expresses that battles made one of a kind suggestions to the client and this persuades makers to switch brands. At the end of the day, it implies any part of an item that separates it from other comparative articles. Case of an item with an incredible remarkable selling recommendation is the Bata shoes from Bata Company. Buying a couple from their stores certainly leaves a client fulfilled. They have an advantageous and client well disposed online store for which they sell shoes and different extras. They have fantastic administrations since they offer free transportation and free return dispatching for the bought shoes that clients don’t need. This occasionally works for Bata Company when the clients keep the bought sets of shoes. Be that as it may, for the situation when the clients will not take the sets of shoes and pick to deliver them back, it cuts into the edge of the organization and this brings down the net benefits. Other than all these, Bata is known as the helpful, client amicable, and most confided in approach to buy shoes on the web. This has made

Giveaway NO TIME TO SPARE by Ursula K. Le Guin

Giveaway NO TIME TO SPARE by Ursula K. Le Guin This giveaway is sponsored by No Time to Spare, new essays from Ursula K. Le Guin. Ursula K. Le Guin has taken readers to imaginary worlds for decades. Now she’s in the last great frontier of life, old age, and exploring new literary territory: the blog, a forum where she shines. The collected best of Ursula’s blog, No Time to Spare presents perfectly crystallized dispatches on what matters to her now, her concerns with the world, and her wonder at it: “How rich we are in knowledge, and in all that lies around us yet to learn. Billionaires, all of us.” We have 10 copies of No Time to Spare by Ursula K. Le Guin for 10 Riot readers! Just complete the form below to enter. Entries are limited to the United States and will be accepted until 11:45pm, Tuesday, December 12th. Winners will be randomly selected. Oops! We could not locate your form.

What Is the Gamblers Fallacy

A fallacy in which an inference is drawn on the assumption that a series of chance events will determine the outcome of a subsequent event. Also called the Monte Carlo fallacy, the negative recency effect, or the fallacy of the maturity of chances. In an article in the Journal of Risk and Uncertainty (1994), Dek Terrell defines the gamblers fallacy as the belief that the probability of an event is decreased when the event has occurred recently. In practice, the results of a random event (such as the toss of a coin) have no effect on future random events.   Examples and Observations Jonathan Baron: If you are playing roulette and the last four spins of the wheel have led to the balls landing on black, you may think that the next ball is more likely than otherwise to land on red. This cannot be. The roulette wheel has no memory. The chance of black is just what it always is. The reason people may tend to think otherwise may be that they expect the sequence of events to be representative of random sequences, and the typical random sequence at roulette does not have five blacks in a row. Michael Lewis: Above the roulette tables, screens listed the results of the most recent twenty spins of the wheel. Gamblers would see that it had come up black the past eight spins, marvel at the improbability, and feel in their bones that the tiny silver ball was now more likely to land on red. That was the reason the casino bothered to list the wheel’s most recent spins: to help gamblers to delude themselves. To give people the false confidence they needed to lay their chips on a roulette table. The entire food chain of intermediaries in the subprime mortgage market was duping itself with the same trick, using the foreshortened, statistically meaningless past to predict the future. Mike Stadler: In baseball, we often hear that a player is due because it has been awhile since he has had a hit, or had a hit in a particular situation.The flip side of this is the notion of the hot hand, the idea that a string of successful outcomes is more likely than usual to be followed by a successful outcome... People who fall prey to the gamblers fallacy think that a streak should end, but people who believe in the hot hand think it should continue. T. Edward Damer: Consider the parents who already have three sons and are quite satisfied with the size of their family. However, they both would really like to have a daughter. They commit the gamblers fallacy when they infer that their chances of having a girl are better, because they have already had three boys. They are wrong. The sex of the fourth child is causally unrelated to any preceding chance events or series of such events. Their chances of having a daughter are no better than 1 in 2--that is, 50-50.

Communication Is The Key Of A Marriage - 958 Words

†¢ Communication Communication is the key in a marriage, it can make and break a marriage. In order to manage conflict in a marriage the answer in communication. Various marriages have diverse ways of communicating. Sue and Bill problems are mostly created due to the lack of an effective communication skill. Communication and intimacy goes hand in hand. Increase in communication between a couples can increase the intimacy between that couples. Before will had an affair there was a lack of confirmation between sue and bill. They fail to recognize each other and express the worth the person has to the significant other .The lack of traction management in this marriage has caused the conflict in between bill and sue to escalade that not only them are the victims of this conflict but also their children. The disability to exercise self-control has created this breach in their marriage because every single conversation that arises does not accomplish anything but all it does is ass more fuel to the fire. According to this passage Bill works long hours at a factory, he pays child support to Kiki and in addition he provides money for Sue and their children’s needs. After his long day he come home to fight with his wife, the failure for sue and bill to study there partners metamessage or conversational style has created conversational pattern that is detrimental to the marriage. †¢ Conflict Conflict can occur in a marriage when one spouse needs or desire are mismatched to the otherShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Concept of Marriage985 Words   |  4 PagesMarriage is the bonding between people by social union or legal contract. Marriage is when two people have a wedding ceremony to exchange vows before God and their family. 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Most importantly, the husband and wife need to bothRead MoreThe Human Race Progress Without Communication864 Words   |  4 PagesHow much would the human race progress without communication? The procedure of communication has been vital to any growth or development made by humans over the years. From humanity’s beginnings as cavemen, with no formal communication system, to modern days, when people can seemingly communicate with anyone, anywhere, it has always been very important. Communication is a series of processes involving certain key elements and the relationship between them, allowing people to form and interpret messagesRead MoreEssay on Circumplex Model1266 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Marriage and Family are very important aspects of the human experience. These two units play vital roles in who individuals are and who they may become. Many times issues or problems arise in the marriage and family structure thus, requiring therapy in order to make matters better. The Circumplex Model of Family and Marriage has been used and has been affective in the treatment process when helping dysfunctional families. The Circumplex Model of Marriage and Family Therapy developedRead MoreAutism And Its Effects On Children1097 Words   |  5 Pagesby a diagnosis of autism. Autism is a developmental disability that significantly affects three areas: communication, social interaction, and behavior. Autism being a spectrum disorder impacts each individual differently, leaving each family’s experience difficult to compare. Autism being a communication disability brings serious challenges to a family, as this diagnosis impacts the communication strategies. Parents find thems elves under serious pressure on learning how to cope with the impact ofRead MorePersonal Relationship Wellness : Marriage1337 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Relationship Wellness: Marriage Marriage requires effort and work. Many newlyweds come into a marriage thinking it is easy but do not consider the consequences of marriage that heavily rely on balances and partnership. Marriage is all about compromise. It is important to engage in a premarital program to allow both partners to learn what to expect within a marriage, how to face certain roadblocks, and to better communication when conflict is aroused so that divorce does not become anRead Moreletter of advice com 200 wk 51575 Words   |  7 Pageseffectively communicate in your relationship. In taking an interpersonal communication course, I have learned several concepts that I would like to share with you throughout this letter. I feel that it is only right that I share information I have learned for the marriage you have ahead. I know that you are newly engaged, and this information will prove to be of use in your relationship. It is important that interpersonal communication become the building blocks betwee n both parties. This will highly effectRead MoreSelf-Disclosure, Gender, and Communication639 Words   |  3 Pageshead: SELF-DISCLOSURE, GENDER, AND COMMUNICATION 1 Self- Disclosure, Gender, and Communication Gary Wayne McCoy COM 200 Interpersonal Communications Instructor: Jennifer Chagala February 11, 2012 SELF-DISCLOSURE, GENDER, AND COMMUNICATION 2 â€Å"Self-Disclosure, Gender, and Communication† Communication is one of the most important things in our lives. Quality communication in marriage is defined as the interpersonal, transactionalRead MoreCommunication : Understanding Interpersonal Communication1554 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction AND Thesis Statement Communication is the number one key in a relationship, especially when you re talking about marriage. I would like to take this moment to say congratulation on your recent marriage. I want to tell you that communication helps build a healthy personal foundation by implementing small talk in helping resolve conflicts through growth and helps reduce any barriers that prevent you from having a happy, successful marriage. Remember that no one is perfect at communicatingRead MoreDivorce Is More Popular Than Marriage868 Words   |  4 Pagespopular than marriage. As soon as you say,† I do,† the odds are not in your favor. One in two couples do not survive, they get divorced. Society is in a downward spiral with making a marriage last. We have become quitters; when times get hard we quit. The small things are the most important in a marriage. There are easy ways to make a marriage last. Having a healthy sexual relationship is vital for any marriage. Remembering the reason why you got married to begin with is important in a marriage. There

Qoheleth Free Essays

At one time or another, most adults question the meaning of life. In Ecclesiastes, one wise man reflects on whether or not life has meaning, and he finds his answer. Qoheleth, the main character, has some pretty gloomy things to say about life: â€Å"Futility of futilities! All is futile. We will write a custom essay sample on Qoheleth or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is nothing new under the sun. † (1:2, 1:8) But Qoheleth perseveres in his effort to find meaning in life. Through Qoheleth’s struggle to find life meaningful, readers might come to better understand – and accept – their own search for meaning. After noting that life goes through cycles and that there is a â€Å"time to every purpose under heaven,† Qoheleth begins his experiment in lifestyles. He is trying to find the answer to this question: â€Å"What kind of life will make me content and give fulfillment and purpose to my life? † To find the answer, Qoheleth sets off to try a series of experimental lifestyles, but in each he finds these pursuits wanting, no matter the outcome of his pursuits. In the end, he finds that we all die, that â€Å"all is futile. † His discouragement increases; despair is near.He continues to search for a purposeful, meaningful life. He is determined to find the meaning of life. That determination comes from a faith that life does have meaning. Qoheleth must wait till the end of his journey to find out what life adds up to, and his answer is a return to faith in God: â€Å"The sum of the matter, when all has been considered, is to revere God and keep God’s commandments. † (12:14) Qoheleth’s conclusion offers encouragement to those who travel life’s journey, in search of a meaningful and fulfilling life.Death is a problem for Qoheleth because it is a finite situation in his understanding. â€Å"Sheol† is the abode of the dead, neither Heaven nor Hell, but more similar to the underworld of the ancient Greeks. There is no escaping it; everyone will go there. In his views, Qoheleth determines that humanity’s fate is no better than that of the animals on Earth, all will return to dust in the end. This view on death must have greatly contributed to Qoheleth’s views that â€Å"all is futile. In my own regard, I do not have this similar problem that he had; I believe in an afterlife in which there is a Heaven and a Hell, an afterlife where we own to some degree where we will end up, an afterlife where Jesus Christ has saved humans from their sins. This outlook has allowed me to pursue my own specific meaning in life, to try to find joy in certain pleasures here on Earth. However, I find in my own journey through my existence that I believe that living an enjoyable and fulfilling life here on Earth does not exactly translate to procuring a righteous position in the afterlife.Invariably, I find that even though death is not a limiter in my own views on this topic, or that all is not futile; I do end up agreeing with Qoheleth in his view that a return to a faith in God is implicit also in my view of the meaning of life. The book of Ecclesiastes conveys a clear message that life without a proper relationship with God leads to an unfulfilled life. The wisdom contained in the book of Ecclesiastes could easily be overlooked or discounted by modern Christians.Without a deeper study of the Old Testament book of Ecclesiastes you would not gain the wisdom for life that is being imparted, it would merely seem an angry and depressed writing. Because of this course study I have found some important insights to shape and strengthen my Christian values and ethical framework. Through the reading I have found that my values and ethical framework need a stable and unchanging foundation that is only found in and through the work of God. Satan would seek to convince you that you are in control and can make the right decisions regarding your values and ethical framework.If you follow this path, the author of Ecclesiastes clearly states that you will find yourself in conflict with God, and subject to God’s judgment. Therefore, your focus must be on God and His will for your life. This requires an ongoing relationship with God. Another insight grasped is that I need to make decisions and choices that create lasting value. We live in a world that is focused on the immediate, the pleasurable and the most self-serving. Often there is little concern about how the decisions and choices we make impact or influence others.In many cases, I have failed to put God in the â€Å"little things† thinking that I could â€Å"handle it. † Later, I find myself right where I should have gone in the beginning and that is to God for guidance. My goal is to seek to please God in all that I do. By living by this principle, I will be able to put my values and ethical framework into action, every day. In the area of decision-making I also need to insure that I maintain a proper perspective about work that will create a lasting value. Another implication of Ecclesiastes’ message is that I need to develop the trait of patience because God’s timing may not always line up the way I want. We live in a world that expects instant gratification and patience is not appreciated but scorned. I am not surprised that this book is included in the Bible. While it does show off a different style of writing, one with notes of despair and hopelessness, it also is written in a more relatable way to the â€Å"layperson† who is reading it, and provides questions as to which they should be asking of themselves.While the book of Ecclesiastes clearly points out that a life of fulfillment and satisfaction only come from a proper relationship with God, it also clearly states that dying without that relationship results in eternal judgment by the very God that was rejected. Our goal should be focused on building toward that time when we face judgment and want God as our advocate. My study of the themes and messages of the book of Ecclesiastes have truly had a positive impact on my values and ethical framework. It has helped me to re-affirm the importance of my relationship to God and to more fully understand that following the ways of the world will put me in conflict with God and His plan for my life. It also strengthened my belief that I am accountable for my decisions. There was a lot more wisdom in the book of Ecclesiastes than I had realized. Peter Kreeft, in his analysis on the Book of Ecclesiastes, provides us with some deeper insight into the content matter of Qoheleth’s writings. Kreeft makes many observations on how the book is written.He states, â€Å"The book’s rambling is deliberate, for this form perfectly expresses its content, its message: that life rambles to nowhere. [ . . . ] Its form is one with its content: the test of great poetry† (24). This is one connection that I did not make personally, but Kreeft sees this writing style as an allegory for the message of Qoheleth, and I agree with Kreeft in this observation. Another observation that stood out to me was that Kreeft says, â€Å"there is nothing more meaningless than an answer without its question† (Kreeft 19).I like this because even after Qoheleth searches for meaning in life via various avenues, he does not ignore the problem like so many of us would, he continues and perseveres in his quest for knowledge, and realizes that if he were to give up in his search for a meaning to his life, and just mask this problem with his experimental lifestyles, nothing would have been accomplished. I believe this is a great observation, as it applies to present-day situations as well. I also agree with the statement that the author makes in that he sees a need for God.He distinctly sees God by seeing the â€Å"stark outline of the darkness that the face of Jesus fills† (Kreeft 51). For me, God is who I turn to in order to provide meaning for my life, and I believe that Kreeft states that while Ecclesiastes asks the poignant questions, putting one’s faith in Jesus Christ is the answer to these questions.Literature Cited The New Oxford Annotated Bible: New Revised Standard Version with the Apocrypha. Oxford:   Oxford University Press, 2001. Print Kreeft, Peter. Three Philosophies of Life. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1989. 13-58. Print. How to cite Qoheleth, Papers

Corporate Governance Affects Corporate Bankruptcy Risk - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance Affects Corporate Bankruptcy Risk. Answer: Introduction: Corporate governance and corporate bankruptcy risk are interrelated to each other and in recent years, considerable attention has been given on corporate governance. Some of the previous studies have reasoned that there is noteworthy distinction between bankruptcy profitability as well as corporate governance. For bankruptcy, no distinguished word has been established and it is described as decrease in profitability power of company to make repayment of main debt and interest rate. The literature review on the topic concerned is provided by thesis with empirical results and theoretical foundations. Many issues surrounding the bankruptcy and corporate governance are still not resolved and this provides abundant of opportunities for conducting further research. One of the factors that are of increasing importance to corporate governance is prediction of bankruptcy. Main objective of report: The main purpose of preparing report is to ascertain the significant relation between bankruptcy profitability and corporate governance. Analysis of relationship is done by viewing journal articles for supporting the arguments that are presented. Findings summary from literature review: The findings concerning association between bankruptcy risk and corporate governance depicts that occurrence of fiscal crisis probability is decreased by the influence of managing director. However, the features of corporate governance do not considerably influence the occurrence of bankruptcy and financial crisis. It has been concluded that internal control of company is influenced by managing director that help in preventing the bankruptcy and financial occurrence (Dittmar and Duchin 2015). Moreover, it has also been proved that financial conditions of organization and independence of boards of directors are significantly related to each other. It is concluded by such findings that there were less unbound members in the board of directors of the companies who had faced financial risks (Akbar et al. 2016). Furthermore, it has been analyzed in an article, the relationship between risk of bankruptcy and corporate governance is explained by firms need for specialty knowledge and degree of complexities of firms. It has been suggested by the findings from research that risk of firms bankruptcy is inversely related with inside director proportion on board. An organization having better operating performance with strong governance implies that firms are less likely to fail if they have strong shareholder governance (Biddle et al. 2016). Focused discussion on topic with logical arguments and Comparing and contrasting views of different authors: In this particular section, various arguments concerning the topic are supported by reviewing the journal articles. An article on corporate governance indicators and financial ratios in bankruptcy predictions highlights the examination of financial ratios and corporate governance indicators. Most important feature in the study involves ownership and board structures, profitability, and solvency in financial ratios. The most important features in the bankruptcy prediction are corporate governance indicators categories of ownership and board structures (Dixon et al. 2015). However, the findings are not applicable in some markets when there are no obvious corporate governance indicators characteristics. Another article post bankruptcy reorganization performance and corporate governance is based on agency theory. Study is conducted for ascertaining the function of mechanism of corporate governance in determining the post bankruptcy firm performance. It is indicated by the findings from the research conducted that significant determinants of post bankruptcy performance of firm are monitoring and incentive mechanisms. Ownership concentration is the key monitoring mechanisms that are measured by shares held by largest shareholder of organization (Gsmi-ijgb.com 2018). It is indicated by results that such mechanisms and help in increasing performance post bankruptcy can mitigate agency problems in insolvent companies. In an article named does good corporate governance reduces credit risk, the objective of the study is to have a deeper understanding on debt holder and shareholder relationships and expanding the role of corporate governance in organizations. It has been found from the analysis that companies having or providing shareholders with the strongest rights tends to have higher debt financing costs. On other hand, shareholders having weaker rights have considerably lower risks to lower cost of debts and debt holders. An article from Mohamed Saleh Darweesh about correlations between market value, financial performance and corporate governance depicts that common cause of failure among firms are poor corporate governance and weak internal control. Various cases of corporate mismanagement and financial scandals have brought increasing attention on rules and regulation of corporate governance in association with issues of business ethics. Financial crisis and financial scandals in the organizations results in enhancing and strengthening regulation and rules of corporate governance. For contemporary business environment, system of corporate governance is considered important because conflict of interest between stakeholders and firms manager cannot be mitigated by legislations, economic theories and accounting standard (Cao et al. 2017). Findings generated from study depicts that a corporate governance model can be build by corporate governance that would help in protecting the rights of stakeholders and maximization of value of companies (Gherghina et al. 2014). A journal article extracted from eco.journals.com deals with the investigation on empirical relationship between firm value and ratings of corporate governance. It was found from the development of hypothesis in the article that empirical relationship between firm value and developed corporate governance ratings was not statistically validated (Haan and Vlahu 2016). An article extracted from emeraldinsight.com is determining how the financial risk of firms is associated with corporate social responsibility. Research purpose was intended to examine whether firms who are socially responsible are different in terms of financial risks. It was found from the analysis that firms who are socially responsible have better performance in relation to credit ratings and in terms of distance to default. The findings of article demonstrate the significance of considering both negative and positive company performance (Cust.edu.pk 2018). Journal article published and extracted from journal of finance, accounting and management by Aly Salama, Lijuan Xiao and Robert Dixon intend to analyze the relationship between earning management and corporate governance. Two aspects of the article that was focused on this article were on supervisory directors in constraining the earning manipulation and supervisory directors (Revilla et al. 2016). It was found that introduction of board of directors in the organization as an imperative corporate governance element for aligning the interest of managers and shareholders that helps in reducing agency cost that stems from control and ownership separation. Some authors that outside directors as against inside directors could more effectively manage the management claimed it. The reason is attributable to the fact that outside directors have greater incentive for maintaining their reputation capital (Gherghina et al. 2014). On other hand, it was identified by establishing the relationshi p between bankruptcy and corporate governance that managing director influences decrease in financial crisis. While the occurrence of probability of financial crisis have not been considerably impacted by other features of corporate governance. It has been concluded that internal control system of company is impacted by influence of managing directors that would help in preventing the occurrence of bankruptcy and financial disorder. In an article extracted from emeraldinsight.com on the corporate governance impacts on financial distress and financial performance by Tamer Mohamed Shahwan. The purpose of article is to empirically observe the quality of practices of corporate governance on the companies listed in Egypt and impact of practices of corporate governance on financial suffering and overall financial performance of organization. It has been ascertained from the analysis that corporate governance practice within such organizations are relatively low and no positive association was found between likelihood of financial distress and practices of corporate governance. One of the articles extracted from sciencedirect.com that involves conducting more research on performance of firms and corporate governance. It was found in the study that organizations complying with regulations of corporate governance are not a determinant for influencing corporate performance. Earlier research on positive relationship between performance of firms and corporate governance may be prejudiced and the potential endogeneity might not be controlled by them (Gsmi-ijgb.com 2018). Criticizing aspects of methodologies used: In an article where the purpose of author was to investigate the systematic correlation of the likelihood of corporate default with governance provisions that helps in determining the balance between managers and shareholders. Empirical analysis in this particular article has been performed by examination of governance rules that are used as proxy for power of management in relation to shareholders and are associated with financial distress risk measurement that is Ohlsons O score and Altman Z score (Helda.helsinki.fi 2018). Moreover, author used a general logistic regression model for examining the impact of corporate governance rules on corporate default probability. Such model represents default of firms as operating performances, governance functions, characteristic of assets and financial state. Risk factor that is used for the analysis purpose involves the proxy for sharing relationship managers and shareholders. Important predictors for corporate default are accounting a ratio that helps in measurement of financial structure and operating performances. The measurement used in an article intending to examine the relationship between bankruptcy profitability and corporate governance indexes make use of several variable and measurement method. Logit model is used for measuring the bankruptcy risks and the possession for the size of board of directors is measured by using Herfindal-Herishman index (Oikonomou et al. 2014). Findings generated from study depicts that there is a noteworthy and direct relationship between bankruptcy and directors at board. The methodology used by authors in determining the association of corporate social responsibility with the firms financial hazard is KLD social performance rating scores. Such scores are used for measuring the performance of corporate social responsibility (Drover et al. 2017). Monthly consensus earnings forecast for obtained by authors from data stream database. The methodology used by author in assessing the relationship between financial performance and corporate governance, a corporate governance index is constructed in the current study. Such index comprise of four elements such as rights of shareholders and relations of investors, transparency and disclosure, composition of directors at board, control and structure of ownership. Sample taken on non-financial firms forms the basis of assessing the practices of corporate governance on the financial performance (Shahwan 2015). Moreover, Tobins q is used for assessing the corporate performance. At the same time, the indicator used for measuring financial distress is Altman Z score. It is deduced that if the z score is bigger, then risk of financial hazard would be smaller (Christensen et al. 2017). Methodology used in examination of relationship between performance of firms and corporate governance compliance is implementation of robust technology that is generalized method of moments estimation. Governance index was developed for the purpose of investigation of impact on corporate performance (Ararat et al. 2017). Findings of research are based on generalized method of moments estimation that helps in controlling the effects of dynamic endogeneity and unobservable heterogeneity. Identification of gaps in literature review: While analyzing the articles for assessing the relationship between corporate performance and corporate bankruptcy risk, gaps in research was identified in terms of unavailability of data on the variables for considerable period. In addition to this, there was no clear disclosure of the distinction between independent non-executive and executive directors made by listed companies. This made it very difficult for researcher to determine the proportion of independent directors among executive directors. Research gap was also identified in terms of extraction of data from one or two sources. The gaps identified in the analysis had to be filled from estimated or other sources using several ratios. It is therefore indicative of the fact that data has not been sourced uniformly and hence there have been issues of uniformity. Some of accounting non-compliance had also contributed to creation of accounting biases. Results ascertained by conducting research might be skewed due to searching of data from more than one source because intentions and data integrity forms the basis of data using data sources (Berger et al. 2016). Conclusion: Analysis of several research paper on identification of relationship between corporate governance and corporate bankruptcy risk have provided with mixed results. Some papers have concluded that there is positive interrelationship between corporate finance and corporate governance. While some other research paper concluded that, there exist somewhat negative relationship between practices of corporate governance and corporate performance. Nevertheless, analysis of research work has contributed to new knowledge in several ways. Firstly, researcher will be provided a comprehensive platform for conducting comprehensive investigations on the relationship between leverage, ownership concentration and value of firms. Furthermore, findings generated from articles might helps in suggesting variables that would be given priority in making policy for corporate decision-making. The potential interaction that might exist between leverage and ownership concentration can also be investigated with t he help of study. Some of the research area requires empirical work and string conceptualization that would leave many opportunities for conducting future studies. Lastly, credit risk of banks is not explained by factors of corporate governance. Therefore, many researchers have added the factor of corporate governance in test and risk equation for determining whether the corporate governance factors influences risk level of banks and relationship between risk and banks capital. References Akbar, S., Poletti-Hughes, J., El-Faitouri, R. and Shah, S.Z.A., 2016. More on the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance in the UK: Evidence from the application of generalized method of moments estimation.Research in International Business and Finance,38, pp.417-429. Ararat, M., Black, B.S. and Yurtoglu, B.B., 2017. The effect of corporate governance on firm value and profitability: Time-series evidence from Turkey.Emerging Markets Review,30, pp.113-132. Berger, A.N., Imbierowicz, B. and Rauch, C., 2016. The roles of corporate governance in bank failures during the recent financial crisis.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,48(4), pp.729-770. Biddle, G.C., Ma, M.L. and Song, F.M., 2016. Accounting conservatism and bankruptcy risk. Cao, Z., Leng, F., Feroz, E.H. and Davalos, S.V., 2015. Corporate governance and default risk of firms cited in the SECs Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases.Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting,44(1), pp.113-138. Christensen, J., Kent, P., Routledge, J. and Stewart, J., 2015. Do corporate governance recommendations improve the performance and accountability of small listed companies?.Accounting Finance,55(1), pp.133-164. Cust.edu.pk. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.cust.edu.pk/ms_thesis/UploadedFiles/Syed%20Basharat%20Hussain%20Shah%20-MMS151042.pdf [Accessed 19 Mar. 2018]. Dittmar, A. and Duchin, R., 2015. 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