tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-58435633219218291372024-03-14T02:04:42.646-07:00Japanese writing paperShttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.comBlogger192125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-17981080087061758182020-08-25T21:26:00.001-07:002020-08-25T21:26:08.635-07:00The Psychology of Post-Conventional Morality and Martin Luther King Jr.Presentation Ethics, as characterized by clinician, are the perspectives and convictions held by people that guide in the assurance or what is correct and what's up (Hock 142). It is accepted that what is considered good is controlled by our way of life and the standards present in that culture. It is additionally accepted that we are not brought into the world with a set up set of ethics; rather, we should pick up this blueprint of what is good all through our youth and puberty and into adulthood. So as to appropriately break down the degree Bandura social learning hypothesis plays in the achievement of level three, phase six, of Kohlbergââ¬â¢s moral advancement hypothesis the speculations of Kohlberg and Bandura must be appropriately delineated. The utilization of these speculations will at that point by applied to instance of Martin Luther King, Jr. who watched, through writings, the peaceful dissent techniques for Mohandas Gandhi. Lawrence Kohlberg, concentrating his examination on Jean Piaget, picked up in enthusiasm for youngster advancement. While at the University of Chicago, Kohlberg clarified upon the thoughts set out by Piaget and suggested the conversation starter ââ¬Å"how does the irreverent newborn child become equipped for moral reasoningâ⬠(Hock 143)? Because of his exploration, Kohlberg made his ethical improvement stage hypothesis. His hypothesis comprises of three phases and each stage has two particular levels. In the principal level, known as either pre-ordinary ethical quality or pre-good, an individual shows just personal circumstance. In the main phase of this level an individual will act ethically basically in light of the fact that they are spurred by remunerations or disciplines. In stage two, the wellbeing of the individual is the inspiration for moral conduct. Customary profound quality, the subsequent level, is the place a personââ¬â¢s connection between others assumes a bigger job in moral beha... ...a be proposed that one can grow ethically even without this immediate model-onlooker connection if every other condition are met. These conditions being: consideration, maintenance, engine multiplication, and inspiration. This exposition has endeavored at declaring that history can directly affect moral turn of events and can go about as the model when applied to circumstances that contain the mix of variables. Book reference 1) Hock, Roger R. Forty Studies that Changed Psychology: Explorations into the History of Psychological Research. fifth. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2005. 142-50. Print. 2) Weber, Thomas Gandhi as Disciple and Mentor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 3) Rudolf, Lloyd L., and Susanne Hoeber Rudolf. Post Modern Gandhi and different papers. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006. 92-120. Print. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-74087575634976483202020-08-22T05:52:00.001-07:002020-08-22T05:52:33.222-07:00Week two questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsWeek two inquiries - Assignment Example During the time spent thinking about what to place into advertise, other than having business development as a main priority it is likewise critical to set up the appropriateness of the item to the client. In that line, the association may be compelled to continually look for the chance to present new items and new methodology to attack new markets and furthermore to make new hierarchical structures. Building up smart thoughts from impractical notions is one central point in setting up a market specialty. Having the option to relate what the client desires are as to a specific item particularly the last item quality whether high or low doesn't rely upon the value versatility of interest. Or maybe, it connected more with the particular needs that the specific item is intended to fulfill. This is an idea that is proposed to comprehend an example among effective promoting organizations. It expresses that battles made one of a kind suggestions to the client and this persuades makers to switch brands. At the end of the day, it implies any part of an item that separates it from other comparative articles. Case of an item with an incredible remarkable selling recommendation is the Bata shoes from Bata Company. Buying a couple from their stores certainly leaves a client fulfilled. They have an advantageous and client well disposed online store for which they sell shoes and different extras. They have fantastic administrations since they offer free transportation and free return dispatching for the bought shoes that clients donââ¬â¢t need. This occasionally works for Bata Company when the clients keep the bought sets of shoes. Be that as it may, for the situation when the clients will not take the sets of shoes and pick to deliver them back, it cuts into the edge of the organization and this brings down the net benefits. Other than all these, Bata is known as the helpful, client amicable, and most confided in approach to buy shoes on the web. This has made Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-41974393402606133562020-08-09T15:36:00.001-07:002020-08-09T15:36:02.969-07:00Giveaway NO TIME TO SPARE by Ursula K. Le GuinGiveaway NO TIME TO SPARE by Ursula K. Le Guin This giveaway is sponsored by No Time to Spare, new essays from Ursula K. Le Guin. Ursula K. Le Guin has taken readers to imaginary worlds for decades. Now sheâs in the last great frontier of life, old age, and exploring new literary territory: the blog, a forum where she shines. The collected best of Ursulaâs blog, No Time to Spare presents perfectly crystallized dispatches on what matters to her now, her concerns with the world, and her wonder at it: âHow rich we are in knowledge, and in all that lies around us yet to learn. Billionaires, all of us.â We have 10 copies of No Time to Spare by Ursula K. Le Guin for 10 Riot readers! Just complete the form below to enter. Entries are limited to the United States and will be accepted until 11:45pm, Tuesday, December 12th. Winners will be randomly selected. Oops! We could not locate your form. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-86276566138337503212020-05-23T15:13:00.001-07:002020-05-23T15:13:03.871-07:00What Is the Gamblers Fallacy A fallacy in which an inference is drawn on the assumption that a series of chance events will determine the outcome of a subsequent event. Also called the Monte Carlo fallacy, the negative recency effect, or the fallacy of the maturity of chances. In an article in the Journal of Risk and Uncertainty (1994), Dek Terrell defines the gamblers fallacy as the belief that the probability of an event is decreased when the event has occurred recently. In practice, the results of a random event (such as the toss of a coin) have no effect on future random events.à Examples and Observations Jonathan Baron: If you are playing roulette and the last four spins of the wheel have led to the balls landing on black, you may think that the next ball is more likely than otherwise to land on red. This cannot be. The roulette wheel has no memory. The chance of black is just what it always is. The reason people may tend to think otherwise may be that they expect the sequence of events to be representative of random sequences, and the typical random sequence at roulette does not have five blacks in a row. Michael Lewis: Above the roulette tables, screens listed the results of the most recent twenty spins of the wheel. Gamblers would see that it had come up black the past eight spins, marvel at the improbability, and feel in their bones that the tiny silver ball was now more likely to land on red. That was the reason the casino bothered to list the wheelââ¬â¢s most recent spins: to help gamblers to delude themselves. To give people the false confidence they needed to lay their chips on a roulette table. The entire food chain of intermediaries in the subprime mortgage market was duping itself with the same trick, using the foreshortened, statistically meaningless past to predict the future. Mike Stadler: In baseball, we often hear that a player is due because it has been awhile since he has had a hit, or had a hit in a particular situation.The flip side of this is the notion of the hot hand, the idea that a string of successful outcomes is more likely than usual to be followed by a successful outcome... People who fall prey to the gamblers fallacy think that a streak should end, but people who believe in the hot hand think it should continue. T. Edward Damer: Consider the parents who already have three sons and are quite satisfied with the size of their family. However, they both would really like to have a daughter. They commit the gamblers fallacy when they infer that their chances of having a girl are better, because they have already had three boys. They are wrong. The sex of the fourth child is causally unrelated to any preceding chance events or series of such events. Their chances of having a daughter are no better than 1 in 2--that is, 50-50. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-51534833679639435792020-05-12T11:44:00.001-07:002020-05-12T11:44:04.319-07:00Communication Is The Key Of A Marriage - 958 Words â⬠¢ Communication Communication is the key in a marriage, it can make and break a marriage. In order to manage conflict in a marriage the answer in communication. Various marriages have diverse ways of communicating. Sue and Bill problems are mostly created due to the lack of an effective communication skill. Communication and intimacy goes hand in hand. Increase in communication between a couples can increase the intimacy between that couples. Before will had an affair there was a lack of confirmation between sue and bill. They fail to recognize each other and express the worth the person has to the significant other .The lack of traction management in this marriage has caused the conflict in between bill and sue to escalade that not only them are the victims of this conflict but also their children. The disability to exercise self-control has created this breach in their marriage because every single conversation that arises does not accomplish anything but all it does is ass more fuel to the fire. According to this passage Bill works long hours at a factory, he pays child support to Kiki and in addition he provides money for Sue and their childrenââ¬â¢s needs. After his long day he come home to fight with his wife, the failure for sue and bill to study there partners metamessage or conversational style has created conversational pattern that is detrimental to the marriage. â⬠¢ Conflict Conflict can occur in a marriage when one spouse needs or desire are mismatched to the otherShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Concept of Marriage985 Words à |à 4 PagesMarriage is the bonding between people by social union or legal contract. Marriage is when two people have a wedding ceremony to exchange vows before God and their family. People spend hundreds to thousands of dollars on wedding ceremonies for something they have no clue of what they are getting into. Different cultures have their own concept of marriage. I am going to explore the biblical and social concept of marriage. People enter into marriage for different reasons. These reasons may includeRead MoreThe Girls Of Their Summer Dresses By Irwin Shaw955 Words à |à 4 Pagesis no specific behavior, idea, or emotion that makes for a good marriage, though it is common for people to believe so. They think marriage will be easy, although the reality requires constant work. Good marriages consist of communication, honesty , passion, intimacy and commitment. In the short story, ââ¬Å"The Girls in Their Summer Dresses,â⬠by Irwin Shaw, Michael and Francesââ¬â¢s relationship lacks these qualities; therefore, their marriage was not ideal. Most importantly, the husband and wife need to bothRead MoreThe Human Race Progress Without Communication864 Words à |à 4 PagesHow much would the human race progress without communication? The procedure of communication has been vital to any growth or development made by humans over the years. 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Autism is a developmental disability that significantly affects three areas: communication, social interaction, and behavior. Autism being a spectrum disorder impacts each individual differently, leaving each familyââ¬â¢s experience difficult to compare. Autism being a communication disability brings serious challenges to a family, as this diagnosis impacts the communication strategies. Parents find thems elves under serious pressure on learning how to cope with the impact ofRead MorePersonal Relationship Wellness : Marriage1337 Words à |à 6 PagesPersonal Relationship Wellness: Marriage Marriage requires effort and work. Many newlyweds come into a marriage thinking it is easy but do not consider the consequences of marriage that heavily rely on balances and partnership. Marriage is all about compromise. 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This will highly effectRead MoreSelf-Disclosure, Gender, and Communication639 Words à |à 3 Pageshead: SELF-DISCLOSURE, GENDER, AND COMMUNICATION 1 Self- Disclosure, Gender, and Communication Gary Wayne McCoy COM 200 Interpersonal Communications Instructor: Jennifer Chagala February 11, 2012 SELF-DISCLOSURE, GENDER, AND COMMUNICATION 2 ââ¬Å"Self-Disclosure, Gender, and Communicationâ⬠Communication is one of the most important things in our lives. Quality communication in marriage is defined as the interpersonal, transactionalRead MoreCommunication : Understanding Interpersonal Communication1554 Words à |à 7 PagesI. Introduction AND Thesis Statement Communication is the number one key in a relationship, especially when you re talking about marriage. I would like to take this moment to say congratulation on your recent marriage. I want to tell you that communication helps build a healthy personal foundation by implementing small talk in helping resolve conflicts through growth and helps reduce any barriers that prevent you from having a happy, successful marriage. Remember that no one is perfect at communicatingRead MoreDivorce Is More Popular Than Marriage868 Words à |à 4 Pagespopular than marriage. As soon as you say,â⬠I do,â⬠the odds are not in your favor. One in two couples do not survive, they get divorced. Society is in a downward spiral with making a marriage last. We have become quitters; when times get hard we quit. The small things are the most important in a marriage. There are easy ways to make a marriage last. Having a healthy sexual relationship is vital for any marriage. Remembering the reason why you got married to begin with is important in a marriage. There Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-30194814713569942122020-05-06T12:19:00.001-07:002020-05-06T12:19:31.836-07:00Qoheleth Free Essays At one time or another, most adults question the meaning of life. In Ecclesiastes, one wise man reflects on whether or not life has meaning, and he finds his answer. Qoheleth, the main character, has some pretty gloomy things to say about life: ââ¬Å"Futility of futilities! All is futile. We will write a custom essay sample on Qoheleth or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is nothing new under the sun. â⬠(1:2, 1:8) But Qoheleth perseveres in his effort to find meaning in life. Through Qohelethââ¬â¢s struggle to find life meaningful, readers might come to better understand ââ¬â and accept ââ¬â their own search for meaning. After noting that life goes through cycles and that there is a ââ¬Å"time to every purpose under heaven,â⬠Qoheleth begins his experiment in lifestyles. He is trying to find the answer to this question: ââ¬Å"What kind of life will make me content and give fulfillment and purpose to my life? â⬠To find the answer, Qoheleth sets off to try a series of experimental lifestyles, but in each he finds these pursuits wanting, no matter the outcome of his pursuits. In the end, he finds that we all die, that ââ¬Å"all is futile. â⬠His discouragement increases; despair is near.He continues to search for a purposeful, meaningful life. He is determined to find the meaning of life. That determination comes from a faith that life does have meaning. Qoheleth must wait till the end of his journey to find out what life adds up to, and his answer is a return to faith in God: ââ¬Å"The sum of the matter, when all has been considered, is to revere God and keep Godââ¬â¢s commandments. â⬠(12:14) Qohelethââ¬â¢s conclusion offers encouragement to those who travel lifeââ¬â¢s journey, in search of a meaningful and fulfilling life.Death is a problem for Qoheleth because it is a finite situation in his understanding. ââ¬Å"Sheolâ⬠is the abode of the dead, neither Heaven nor Hell, but more similar to the underworld of the ancient Greeks. There is no escaping it; everyone will go there. In his views, Qoheleth determines that humanityââ¬â¢s fate is no better than that of the animals on Earth, all will return to dust in the end. This view on death must have greatly contributed to Qohelethââ¬â¢s views that ââ¬Å"all is futile. In my own regard, I do not have this similar problem that he had; I believe in an afterlife in which there is a Heaven and a Hell, an afterlife where we own to some degree where we will end up, an afterlife where Jesus Christ has saved humans from their sins. This outlook has allowed me to pursue my own specific meaning in life, to try to find joy in certain pleasures here on Earth. However, I find in my own journey through my existence that I believe that living an enjoyable and fulfilling life here on Earth does not exactly translate to procuring a righteous position in the afterlife.Invariably, I find that even though death is not a limiter in my own views on this topic, or that all is not futile; I do end up agreeing with Qoheleth in his view that a return to a faith in God is implicit also in my view of the meaning of life. The book of Ecclesiastes conveys a clear message that life without a proper relationship with God leads to an unfulfilled life. The wisdom contained in the book of Ecclesiastes could easily be overlooked or discounted by modern Christians.Without a deeper study of the Old Testament book of Ecclesiastes you would not gain the wisdom for life that is being imparted, it would merely seem an angry and depressed writing. Because of this course study I have found some important insights to shape and strengthen my Christian values and ethical framework. Through the reading I have found that my values and ethical framework need a stable and unchanging foundation that is only found in and through the work of God. Satan would seek to convince you that you are in control and can make the right decisions regarding your values and ethical framework.If you follow this path, the author of Ecclesiastes clearly states that you will find yourself in conflict with God, and subject to Godââ¬â¢s judgment. Therefore, your focus must be on God and His will for your life. This requires an ongoing relationship with God. Another insight grasped is that I need to make decisions and choices that create lasting value. We live in a world that is focused on the immediate, the pleasurable and the most self-serving. Often there is little concern about how the decisions and choices we make impact or influence others.In many cases, I have failed to put God in the ââ¬Å"little thingsâ⬠thinking that I could ââ¬Å"handle it. â⬠Later, I find myself right where I should have gone in the beginning and that is to God for guidance. My goal is to seek to please God in all that I do. By living by this principle, I will be able to put my values and ethical framework into action, every day. In the area of decision-making I also need to insure that I maintain a proper perspective about work that will create a lasting value. Another implication of Ecclesiastesââ¬â¢ message is that I need to develop the trait of patience because Godââ¬â¢s timing may not always line up the way I want. We live in a world that expects instant gratification and patience is not appreciated but scorned. I am not surprised that this book is included in the Bible. While it does show off a different style of writing, one with notes of despair and hopelessness, it also is written in a more relatable way to the ââ¬Å"laypersonâ⬠who is reading it, and provides questions as to which they should be asking of themselves.While the book of Ecclesiastes clearly points out that a life of fulfillment and satisfaction only come from a proper relationship with God, it also clearly states that dying without that relationship results in eternal judgment by the very God that was rejected. Our goal should be focused on building toward that time when we face judgment and want God as our advocate. My study of the themes and messages of the book of Ecclesiastes have truly had a positive impact on my values and ethical framework. It has helped me to re-affirm the importance of my relationship to God and to more fully understand that following the ways of the world will put me in conflict with God and His plan for my life. It also strengthened my belief that I am accountable for my decisions. There was a lot more wisdom in the book of Ecclesiastes than I had realized. Peter Kreeft, in his analysis on the Book of Ecclesiastes, provides us with some deeper insight into the content matter of Qohelethââ¬â¢s writings. Kreeft makes many observations on how the book is written.He states, ââ¬Å"The bookââ¬â¢s rambling is deliberate, for this form perfectly expresses its content, its message: that life rambles to nowhere. [ . . . ] Its form is one with its content: the test of great poetryâ⬠(24). This is one connection that I did not make personally, but Kreeft sees this writing style as an allegory for the message of Qoheleth, and I agree with Kreeft in this observation. Another observation that stood out to me was that Kreeft says, ââ¬Å"there is nothing more meaningless than an answer without its questionâ⬠(Kreeft 19).I like this because even after Qoheleth searches for meaning in life via various avenues, he does not ignore the problem like so many of us would, he continues and perseveres in his quest for knowledge, and realizes that if he were to give up in his search for a meaning to his life, and just mask this problem with his experimental lifestyles, nothing would have been accomplished. I believe this is a great observation, as it applies to present-day situations as well. I also agree with the statement that the author makes in that he sees a need for God.He distinctly sees God by seeing the ââ¬Å"stark outline of the darkness that the face of Jesus fillsâ⬠(Kreeft 51). For me, God is who I turn to in order to provide meaning for my life, and I believe that Kreeft states that while Ecclesiastes asks the poignant questions, putting oneââ¬â¢s faith in Jesus Christ is the answer to these questions.Literature Cited The New Oxford Annotated Bible: New Revised Standard Version with the Apocrypha. Oxford:à Oxford University Press, 2001. Print Kreeft, Peter. Three Philosophies of Life. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1989. 13-58. Print. How to cite Qoheleth, Papers Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-17101474994353404102020-05-02T08:30:00.001-07:002020-05-02T08:30:02.857-07:00Corporate Governance Affects Corporate Bankruptcy Risk - Samples Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance Affects Corporate Bankruptcy Risk. Answer: Introduction: Corporate governance and corporate bankruptcy risk are interrelated to each other and in recent years, considerable attention has been given on corporate governance. Some of the previous studies have reasoned that there is noteworthy distinction between bankruptcy profitability as well as corporate governance. For bankruptcy, no distinguished word has been established and it is described as decrease in profitability power of company to make repayment of main debt and interest rate. The literature review on the topic concerned is provided by thesis with empirical results and theoretical foundations. Many issues surrounding the bankruptcy and corporate governance are still not resolved and this provides abundant of opportunities for conducting further research. One of the factors that are of increasing importance to corporate governance is prediction of bankruptcy. Main objective of report: The main purpose of preparing report is to ascertain the significant relation between bankruptcy profitability and corporate governance. Analysis of relationship is done by viewing journal articles for supporting the arguments that are presented. Findings summary from literature review: The findings concerning association between bankruptcy risk and corporate governance depicts that occurrence of fiscal crisis probability is decreased by the influence of managing director. However, the features of corporate governance do not considerably influence the occurrence of bankruptcy and financial crisis. It has been concluded that internal control of company is influenced by managing director that help in preventing the bankruptcy and financial occurrence (Dittmar and Duchin 2015). Moreover, it has also been proved that financial conditions of organization and independence of boards of directors are significantly related to each other. It is concluded by such findings that there were less unbound members in the board of directors of the companies who had faced financial risks (Akbar et al. 2016). Furthermore, it has been analyzed in an article, the relationship between risk of bankruptcy and corporate governance is explained by firms need for specialty knowledge and degree of complexities of firms. It has been suggested by the findings from research that risk of firms bankruptcy is inversely related with inside director proportion on board. An organization having better operating performance with strong governance implies that firms are less likely to fail if they have strong shareholder governance (Biddle et al. 2016). Focused discussion on topic with logical arguments and Comparing and contrasting views of different authors: In this particular section, various arguments concerning the topic are supported by reviewing the journal articles. An article on corporate governance indicators and financial ratios in bankruptcy predictions highlights the examination of financial ratios and corporate governance indicators. Most important feature in the study involves ownership and board structures, profitability, and solvency in financial ratios. The most important features in the bankruptcy prediction are corporate governance indicators categories of ownership and board structures (Dixon et al. 2015). However, the findings are not applicable in some markets when there are no obvious corporate governance indicators characteristics. Another article post bankruptcy reorganization performance and corporate governance is based on agency theory. Study is conducted for ascertaining the function of mechanism of corporate governance in determining the post bankruptcy firm performance. It is indicated by the findings from the research conducted that significant determinants of post bankruptcy performance of firm are monitoring and incentive mechanisms. Ownership concentration is the key monitoring mechanisms that are measured by shares held by largest shareholder of organization (Gsmi-ijgb.com 2018). It is indicated by results that such mechanisms and help in increasing performance post bankruptcy can mitigate agency problems in insolvent companies. In an article named does good corporate governance reduces credit risk, the objective of the study is to have a deeper understanding on debt holder and shareholder relationships and expanding the role of corporate governance in organizations. It has been found from the analysis that companies having or providing shareholders with the strongest rights tends to have higher debt financing costs. On other hand, shareholders having weaker rights have considerably lower risks to lower cost of debts and debt holders. An article from Mohamed Saleh Darweesh about correlations between market value, financial performance and corporate governance depicts that common cause of failure among firms are poor corporate governance and weak internal control. Various cases of corporate mismanagement and financial scandals have brought increasing attention on rules and regulation of corporate governance in association with issues of business ethics. Financial crisis and financial scandals in the organizations results in enhancing and strengthening regulation and rules of corporate governance. For contemporary business environment, system of corporate governance is considered important because conflict of interest between stakeholders and firms manager cannot be mitigated by legislations, economic theories and accounting standard (Cao et al. 2017). Findings generated from study depicts that a corporate governance model can be build by corporate governance that would help in protecting the rights of stakeholders and maximization of value of companies (Gherghina et al. 2014). A journal article extracted from eco.journals.com deals with the investigation on empirical relationship between firm value and ratings of corporate governance. It was found from the development of hypothesis in the article that empirical relationship between firm value and developed corporate governance ratings was not statistically validated (Haan and Vlahu 2016). An article extracted from emeraldinsight.com is determining how the financial risk of firms is associated with corporate social responsibility. Research purpose was intended to examine whether firms who are socially responsible are different in terms of financial risks. It was found from the analysis that firms who are socially responsible have better performance in relation to credit ratings and in terms of distance to default. The findings of article demonstrate the significance of considering both negative and positive company performance (Cust.edu.pk 2018). Journal article published and extracted from journal of finance, accounting and management by Aly Salama, Lijuan Xiao and Robert Dixon intend to analyze the relationship between earning management and corporate governance. Two aspects of the article that was focused on this article were on supervisory directors in constraining the earning manipulation and supervisory directors (Revilla et al. 2016). It was found that introduction of board of directors in the organization as an imperative corporate governance element for aligning the interest of managers and shareholders that helps in reducing agency cost that stems from control and ownership separation. Some authors that outside directors as against inside directors could more effectively manage the management claimed it. The reason is attributable to the fact that outside directors have greater incentive for maintaining their reputation capital (Gherghina et al. 2014). On other hand, it was identified by establishing the relationshi p between bankruptcy and corporate governance that managing director influences decrease in financial crisis. While the occurrence of probability of financial crisis have not been considerably impacted by other features of corporate governance. It has been concluded that internal control system of company is impacted by influence of managing directors that would help in preventing the occurrence of bankruptcy and financial disorder. In an article extracted from emeraldinsight.com on the corporate governance impacts on financial distress and financial performance by Tamer Mohamed Shahwan. The purpose of article is to empirically observe the quality of practices of corporate governance on the companies listed in Egypt and impact of practices of corporate governance on financial suffering and overall financial performance of organization. It has been ascertained from the analysis that corporate governance practice within such organizations are relatively low and no positive association was found between likelihood of financial distress and practices of corporate governance. One of the articles extracted from sciencedirect.com that involves conducting more research on performance of firms and corporate governance. It was found in the study that organizations complying with regulations of corporate governance are not a determinant for influencing corporate performance. Earlier research on positive relationship between performance of firms and corporate governance may be prejudiced and the potential endogeneity might not be controlled by them (Gsmi-ijgb.com 2018). Criticizing aspects of methodologies used: In an article where the purpose of author was to investigate the systematic correlation of the likelihood of corporate default with governance provisions that helps in determining the balance between managers and shareholders. Empirical analysis in this particular article has been performed by examination of governance rules that are used as proxy for power of management in relation to shareholders and are associated with financial distress risk measurement that is Ohlsons O score and Altman Z score (Helda.helsinki.fi 2018). Moreover, author used a general logistic regression model for examining the impact of corporate governance rules on corporate default probability. Such model represents default of firms as operating performances, governance functions, characteristic of assets and financial state. Risk factor that is used for the analysis purpose involves the proxy for sharing relationship managers and shareholders. Important predictors for corporate default are accounting a ratio that helps in measurement of financial structure and operating performances. The measurement used in an article intending to examine the relationship between bankruptcy profitability and corporate governance indexes make use of several variable and measurement method. Logit model is used for measuring the bankruptcy risks and the possession for the size of board of directors is measured by using Herfindal-Herishman index (Oikonomou et al. 2014). Findings generated from study depicts that there is a noteworthy and direct relationship between bankruptcy and directors at board. The methodology used by authors in determining the association of corporate social responsibility with the firms financial hazard is KLD social performance rating scores. Such scores are used for measuring the performance of corporate social responsibility (Drover et al. 2017). Monthly consensus earnings forecast for obtained by authors from data stream database. The methodology used by author in assessing the relationship between financial performance and corporate governance, a corporate governance index is constructed in the current study. Such index comprise of four elements such as rights of shareholders and relations of investors, transparency and disclosure, composition of directors at board, control and structure of ownership. Sample taken on non-financial firms forms the basis of assessing the practices of corporate governance on the financial performance (Shahwan 2015). Moreover, Tobins q is used for assessing the corporate performance. At the same time, the indicator used for measuring financial distress is Altman Z score. It is deduced that if the z score is bigger, then risk of financial hazard would be smaller (Christensen et al. 2017). Methodology used in examination of relationship between performance of firms and corporate governance compliance is implementation of robust technology that is generalized method of moments estimation. Governance index was developed for the purpose of investigation of impact on corporate performance (Ararat et al. 2017). Findings of research are based on generalized method of moments estimation that helps in controlling the effects of dynamic endogeneity and unobservable heterogeneity. Identification of gaps in literature review: While analyzing the articles for assessing the relationship between corporate performance and corporate bankruptcy risk, gaps in research was identified in terms of unavailability of data on the variables for considerable period. In addition to this, there was no clear disclosure of the distinction between independent non-executive and executive directors made by listed companies. This made it very difficult for researcher to determine the proportion of independent directors among executive directors. Research gap was also identified in terms of extraction of data from one or two sources. The gaps identified in the analysis had to be filled from estimated or other sources using several ratios. It is therefore indicative of the fact that data has not been sourced uniformly and hence there have been issues of uniformity. Some of accounting non-compliance had also contributed to creation of accounting biases. Results ascertained by conducting research might be skewed due to searching of data from more than one source because intentions and data integrity forms the basis of data using data sources (Berger et al. 2016). Conclusion: Analysis of several research paper on identification of relationship between corporate governance and corporate bankruptcy risk have provided with mixed results. Some papers have concluded that there is positive interrelationship between corporate finance and corporate governance. While some other research paper concluded that, there exist somewhat negative relationship between practices of corporate governance and corporate performance. Nevertheless, analysis of research work has contributed to new knowledge in several ways. Firstly, researcher will be provided a comprehensive platform for conducting comprehensive investigations on the relationship between leverage, ownership concentration and value of firms. Furthermore, findings generated from articles might helps in suggesting variables that would be given priority in making policy for corporate decision-making. The potential interaction that might exist between leverage and ownership concentration can also be investigated with t he help of study. Some of the research area requires empirical work and string conceptualization that would leave many opportunities for conducting future studies. Lastly, credit risk of banks is not explained by factors of corporate governance. Therefore, many researchers have added the factor of corporate governance in test and risk equation for determining whether the corporate governance factors influences risk level of banks and relationship between risk and banks capital. References Akbar, S., Poletti-Hughes, J., El-Faitouri, R. and Shah, S.Z.A., 2016. More on the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance in the UK: Evidence from the application of generalized method of moments estimation.Research in International Business and Finance,38, pp.417-429. Ararat, M., Black, B.S. and Yurtoglu, B.B., 2017. The effect of corporate governance on firm value and profitability: Time-series evidence from Turkey.Emerging Markets Review,30, pp.113-132. Berger, A.N., Imbierowicz, B. and Rauch, C., 2016. The roles of corporate governance in bank failures during the recent financial crisis.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,48(4), pp.729-770. Biddle, G.C., Ma, M.L. and Song, F.M., 2016. Accounting conservatism and bankruptcy risk. Cao, Z., Leng, F., Feroz, E.H. and Davalos, S.V., 2015. Corporate governance and default risk of firms cited in the SECs Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases.Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting,44(1), pp.113-138. Christensen, J., Kent, P., Routledge, J. and Stewart, J., 2015. Do corporate governance recommendations improve the performance and accountability of small listed companies?.Accounting Finance,55(1), pp.133-164. Cust.edu.pk. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.cust.edu.pk/ms_thesis/UploadedFiles/Syed%20Basharat%20Hussain%20Shah%20-MMS151042.pdf [Accessed 19 Mar. 2018]. Dittmar, A. and Duchin, R., 2015. Looking in the rearview mirror: The effect of managers' professional experience on corporate financial policy.The Review of Financial Studies,29(3), pp.565-602. Dixon, R., Guariglia, A. and Vijayakumaran, R., 2015. Managerial ownership, corporate governance and firms' exporting decisions: evidence from Chinese listed companies.The European Journal of Finance, pp.1-39. Drover, W., Busenitz, L., Matusik, S., Townsend, D., Anglin, A. and Dushnitsky, G., 2017. A review and road map of entrepreneurial equity financing research: venture capital, corporate venture capital, angel investment, crowdfunding, and accelerators.Journal of Management,43(6), pp.1820-1853. Gherghina, S.C., Vintila, G. and Tibulca, I.L., 2014. A study on the relationship between corporate governance ratings and company value: Empirical Evidence for SP 100 Companies.International Journal of Economics and Finance,6(7), p.242. Gsmi-ijgb.com. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.gsmi-ijgb.com/Documents /JFAM%20V5%20N1%20P07%20Murya%20Hbbash%20-%20Constraining%20Earnings%20Management.pdf [Accessed 18 Mar. 2018]. Haan, J. and Vlahu, R., 2016. Corporate governance of banks: A survey.Journal of Economic Surveys,30(2), pp.228-277. Helda.helsinki.fi. (2018). [online] Available at: https://helda.helsinki.fi/dhanken/bitstream/handle/10138/37072/postnova.pdf?sequence=5isAllowed=y [Accessed 19 Mar. 2018]. Oikonomou, I., Brooks, C. and Pavelin, S., 2014. The effects of corporate social performance on the cost of corporate debt and credit ratings.Financial Review,49(1), pp.49-75. Revilla, A.J., Prez-Luo, A. and Nieto, M.J., 2016. Does family involvement in management reduce the risk of business failure? The moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation.Family Business Review,29(4), pp.365-379. Shahwan, T.M., 2015. The effects of corporate governance on financial performance and financial distress: evidence from Egypt.Corporate Governance,15(5), pp.641-662. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-67009058961806957922020-03-22T21:10:00.001-07:002020-03-22T21:10:03.199-07:00The Role of Spirituality in Overcoming Addictions Addiction can simply be defined as a state of being captive or enslaved towards doing something that leads to development of a habit or certain behavior of which to some extend one has no control over. Surely, addiction comes with strong feelings of attachment and desire for something or to certain specific behaviors. Every human being to some extend has a form of addiction which may range from trivial to life-threatening forms.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Spirituality in Overcoming Addictions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They may either be psychological, neurological or even spiritual. These addictions act as a driving force from within that tends to enslave and abuse our freedom, hence one ends up acting in a manner that is contrast to what he or she would wish to. As it has been deduced, addiction can really take charge of someoneââ¬Ës life to the extend of being life threatening. When i t gets to such extend, quick measures should be taken before the situation gets out of hand. Documented research has shown that in the same way one gets addicted to alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, one can get addicted to ideas, power, relationships, religion (May, 1988). If one gets obsessed with a certain idea or even with another person and cannot control the feelings or thoughts, has been enslaved and hence addicted. One can also be spiritually addicted in the sense that he or she is entangled by the doctrines and can not have an independent thought or think logically outside the governing doctrines and law hence obsessed by the religion and considered as an addict. Addiction can be perceived from different angles, addiction of the mind, body or spirit depending on the prevailing situation that leads to the addiction (May, 1988). Some of the substances, drugs and behaviors that one can get addicted to include alcohol, cocaine, nicotine for example cigarette, sleeping pills, marijuana , caffeine, aerosols. Behavioral addictions may include computer games, gambling, overeating, love for money, power, sexual addiction, relationships or even ideas. There are signs and symptoms that come with various addictions and could be used to detect development of addictive behaviors. Some of the symptoms to checkout for include: tendency to do something repeatedly over and over again so as to obtain pleasure, when the individual stops using the substance they tend to feel uncomfortable and unsatisfied with a sense of lacking something vital. Another symptom is having difficulties in controlling and managing oneself and spending most of your time to acquire the substance or indulging in certain activities. Signs of addiction are the outward expressions that emanates from the addictive substance or behavior that one has.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These signs are not univers al, they may differ from one individual to another. Some of the major signs of addictions include mood swing where one tends to be anxious and at times relaxed; happy at one time then sad the next moment, changes in the size of the eyes and the pupils, tendency to over sleep, sudden weight loss or gain, change of friends, becoming confined and secretive. These and other signs can act as perfect indicators of individuals under the influence of drug and substance abuse. Human beings were never created to be fully satisfied. There is always a desire to have more and more. There is a need to have self control and know your boundaries and limits so as to avoid going overboard and becoming victims of addiction. Most of the things that chain and enslave us in life are mostly our own makings. We have come up with our own ideologies and objects that we worship and attach strong emotions and feelings on them, this has made mankind to drift away from Godââ¬â¢s love and the love for one anot her and end up investing all the time in finding pleasure and satisfaction from drugs, addictive substances and behaviors which ends up eroding our dignity and scrapping away our freedom by enslaving us (May, 1988). It is through the harsh life and bondage that comes with addiction that leads one to learn and appreciate the peace of mind and freedom that God has bestowed on us. It enables us appreciate the grace of God which is a freely earned favor emanating from Godââ¬â¢s loving nature upon mankind. To overcome these addictions, spirituality plays a very vital role. It comes from the believe and faith that we have in a supernatural being who is able to restore the dignity and peace that we have lost in the course of satisfying our humanly pleasures and needs. The faith and trust that we have in God is able to redeem and save one from the jaws of addiction. Though there are many ways to deal with addiction like seeking for counseling and advice from professionals, going to the r ehabilitation centre, joining help groups, having treatment program, it all boils down to you as an individual and your relationship with God and other people that you associate with. If one can amend these relationships then they are on the right lane towards attaining self freedom, redemption and control of their lives. Through salvation which according to Greece or Latin means safety, one is made whole in Christ Jesus that is according to Christians, hence they become new creatures. With this faith, one is able to overcome any kind of oppression and slavery. Also getting involved with the right group of people with upright morals and who believe in God can help one change their bad habits and addictive behaviors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Spirituality in Overcoming Addictions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Spirituality aids in promoting and upholding integrity and good moral values that ma y enable us shade away bad addictive behaviors and lead straight forward life, again we may have the will to do that which is good but the power to do it is not in us, so we ought to acknowledge God who is the giver of all powers and whose grace is sufficient to keep us safe from any kind of bondage and slavery. In conclusion, addiction can be regarded as bondages that are of our own making and that are basically out of our control hence to sufficiently deal with any kind of addiction one has to submit to an external source of power that comes from God and through His grace that He has freely outpoured upon those who call on Him and follow His laws and commandments. Godââ¬â¢s grace is the ultimate hope and solution to the countless oppression and addictions facing mankind in the current times, hence there is hope for those who have been entangled by their own desires that have ended up being their worst enemies. Through grace has humankind found peace and satisfaction, for the he art of men will forever be restless until it finds rest in God. Reference List May, G. G. (1988). Addiction and grace: Love and spirituality in the healing ofà addictions. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers. This essay on The Role of Spirituality in Overcoming Addictions was written and submitted by user Johnathan Knight to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-69924736319094462182020-03-06T00:30:00.001-08:002020-03-06T00:30:03.515-08:00Turkeys admission to EU Essay ExampleTurkeys admission to EU Essay Example Turkeys admission to EU Essay Turkeys admission to EU Essay Essay Topic: Admission The main question to consider is whether Turkeys admission to the EIJ would be economically advantageous for the Union. I will start by giving you some information about the background of this debate, which is going on for quite some time now. Turkeys application to accede to the European Union was already made in 1987. But by doing this, Turkey was not yet an official candidate. It was officially recognized as a candidate for full membership in 1999. The real negotiations about this subject were tarted in 2005, and until this very own moment, the European countries have still not decided whether taking Turkey in would be the right thing to do or not. 1. + A first advantage of Turkeys membership would be the fact that it would open up a new and strong market for the European products. Turkey has a very large population, so a smoother trade with them would give some economic advantages to the other European states. And with smoother, I mean the fact that, due to its membership, there would be less troubles and paperwork at the Turkish borders. The first and also most important reason why Europe shouldnt let turkey enter the union, is the fact that the country is Just too poor: there are thousands of poor farmers, and they have to deal with very low living standards. Some areas are serious underdeveloped, and the country has still huge debts it has to pay off. When it becomes part of Europe, the other states will have to help their new companion to pay off his debts and make sure that the living standards will rise. 2. It would also create great opportunities for business: Turkey has a population of lmost 80 million people, and it has the right technical institutions. So when the country would be guided in a decent way, it would be able to create a qualified and expanding economy. And when I say guided in a decent way, I mean not like nowadays, because theres still a lot of cheating and corruption going on in the top ranks of the government. Those are not the only problems; as I said before, Turkey has immense economic problems: it has to deal with high inflation rates, public debts and a very high unemployment-rate. These factors caused the very weak economic structure of the ountry. Turkey has a rapidly growing population; in their culture, its a tradition to raise lots of kids. But this growing population would cause a lot of financial issues, and also the European instututions would face problems while dealing with this large population. The agricultural area from Europe would also grow, Just like the agricultural work force (like the amount of farmers), because in Turkey, a lot of people still make their living out of agriculture. The country, unlike the most other European countries, also contains a lot of precious natural resources. Another disadvantage is the fact that Turkish farmers still use a lot of products that are harmful for the environment, and by doing that, it causes major pollution. Lots of these products are even forbidden in the ELI. So in order to stop these bad habits, the union would have to invest a lot of money in the development of new farming methods. 4. Turkey is also situated in a turbulent area. It lies between Transcaucasia, Central Asia and the Balkans; this areas are very unstable because of poverty, economic underdevelopment and Islamic fundamentalism. By getting accepted to the Union, Turkey could play a key role in this situation: It would be an example to these areas that an Islamic country can also be a prosperous and modernized democracy. Turkish accession to the Union would force the European States to open up their borders. It is not proved, it is feared that the European countries would be forced to allow a flood of immigrant in their country. For this people, Europe is the paradise, and when Turkey would be a member of the Union, it wouldnt be that hard to cross the borders. Conclusion Out of these elements, I can conclude that Turkey, once accepted to the ELI, would ecome rather a beneficiary than a contributor. Money would be drained out of the Union to solve Turkeys problems, and the European investments would not be equal to the benefits they would get in return. Nowadays, now Europe weakened by the economic crisis, it is absolutely not the right moment to take in a country that needs lot of financial support in order to compete with the other states on European level. In my opinion, Turkeys admission will not be economically advantageous right now. Maybe once, but not in this situation. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-85380942605888536092020-02-18T15:54:00.001-08:002020-02-18T15:54:02.852-08:00Fight Club Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsFight Club - Essay Example The characters are, the daily life office worker Tyler Durden Played by Brad Pitt and the Narrator played by Edward Norton. He travels for work all over the country and on one of these trips he meets Pittââ¬â¢s character Tyler Durden. The difference between these two characters is very drastic. Nortonââ¬â¢s character is very materialistic and very careful in everything he does. Going through the motions and not really connecting with anyone or anything. He suffers from insomnia and he canââ¬â¢t get sleeping pills from his doctor. He starts visiting support groups for people with different terminal illnesses and support groups for people surviving things like cancer. For some time it seems that the emotional release he achieves at these meetings where he pretends to be a different person at each one is helping, but then he meets Marla Singer (Helena Bonham Carter). Marla, very much like Tyler attends different support groupââ¬â¢s meeting feigning different problems. The ch aracters in the movie very much display the lives of of a common man, the problems they face in their life, the social, psychological issues faced by them and the financial problems they have. These issues make them so vulnerable and desperate that they are out to do anything just to get rid of these and improve their life. Nortonââ¬â¢s character continues on business trips and one night when he comes back from one of these trips he finds that his apartment was destroyed in an explosion. This event leads to our Narrator calling up Tyler Durden. He meets up with Durden at a bar and he asks Tyler if he can stay with him. Tyler agrees on one condition. He asks the Narrator to hit him as hard as he can. The two get into a fight outside the bar and that is where the first inklings of the fight club are born. The Narrator moves into Durdenââ¬â¢s house which is a dilapidated house in an old business Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-57909746519488026352020-02-03T22:16:00.001-08:002020-02-03T22:16:02.699-08:00Two smillier articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsTwo smillier articles - Essay Example One of the components is the transforming growth factor, also known as TGF B-1. This is an immunosuppressive cytokine that is in the heart, meaning that it is a main protein that functions with relation to helping to fight immunity. It has been found that individuals who have a higher concentration of TGF B-1 in the heart also create atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. Those who have regular coronary artery disease are not as likely to have the plasma concentration of TGF B-1. Those with both degenerative heart valves and regular coronary valves have a lower amount of TGF B-1, as well as a higher distribution amount of the cytokine throughout the body (Attaran et al, 2010). . The article used (Attaran et al, 2010), conducted a study to determine why those with atherosclerosis of coronary arteries create this specific dysfunction, as opposed to a regular coronary artery disease. 158 patients were studied who were undergoing treatment for coronary artery disease for the first time and which were required to have valve surgery. To conduct this survey, the enzyme inhibitors to the heart were stopped. After this was complete for a period of time, the blood from the heart was collected to determine how the plasma functioned within the heart. Enzyme linked chemicals were used to detect the amount of TGF B-1 that was in each patientââ¬â¢s blood. The results were then compared to the amount of TGF B-1 that was in the normal population and from those who had normal functioning of the heart (Attaran et al, 2010). There were several associations found between the dysfunction of atherosclerosis of coronary arteries and TGF B-1. It was found that those with atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries also suffered from hypertension and myocardial infarction in the past. It was also found that the mean concentration for TGF B-1 was lower than the normal population Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-34884824398396725122020-01-26T18:39:00.001-08:002020-01-26T18:39:07.129-08:00The Importance of Feasibility AnalysisThe Importance of Feasibility Analysis This report analyses the importance of Feasibility Analysis to businesses when they are deciding on the viability of a proposed business venture involving the implementation or improvement of an information system. This report is split into three parts the initial part defines a feasibility analysis, the second part explains how an IT feasibility analysis should be conducted using the template of the IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) and the last section in this report examines a completed feasibility study by Powerco, a utilities distribution Company in New Zealand. What is a feasibility analysis? As the words feasibility analysis suggests a feasibility analysis is carried out to decide on the viability of a proposed venture; basically it answers the essential question of is it a viable option and should the project be implemented. All stages of the analysis are carried out in order to answer this question. When researching it is clear that the majority of all large successful businesses conduct a feasibility study to ensure they embark on a viable project, for example Microsoft have a large research department situated in many different cities throughout the globe, this department collaborates with many institutions producing many feasibility analyses a year. When examining successful businesses such as Microsoft, I discovered they will not commit to a new project without first thoroughly assessing all of the variables and reviewing the probability of success through a feasibility study. The feasibility analysis process As a feasibility analysis is often time consuming and expensive (many companies pay consultants to perform the analysis), a preliminary study is undertaken to determine if it would be worthwhile to proceed to the feasibility analysis, within this preliminary study the evaluation of alternatives is made along with brief cost and benefit analysis. A feasibility study is usually conducted after the project managers have discussed all project ideas and every possible scenario, only if the results are positive the feasibility study begins. The content of feasibility Analysis Within a feasibility study it is necessary to discuss a number of areas including; details of the present system; what are the functions and objectives, who are the Stakeholders and the reasons to improve or replace the current system for example inconsistencies / inadequacies in functionality or performance, is there any possible solution alternatives and the advantages and disadvantages of the alternatives. Feasibility analysis can be split into four types; Operational factors; Operational feasibility is used to assess how well the information systems will work if implemented in the given environment. Define the urgency of the project If the project is implemented, will it be a success? Does management support the project? How do end users feel about the new system? People tend to resist change can this problem be overcome? Can management and end users adapt to the change? Has the proposed venture conflicted with organisational or government regulations? Schedule factors; It often takes time to build and implement an information system solution; will the project still be necessary on completion? The technology may exist, but are there the skills available to not only complete the project but complete it on schedule? Is the project deadline reasonable? Is the deadline desirable or mandatory? What are the results of failing to meet the project deadline? Technical; Technical feasibility is the measure of the practicality of specific technical information system solutions and the availability of technical resources. Often new technologies are solutions looking for a problem to solve: Is the technology for the information system solution practical? Does the necessary technology exist? Is the technology proven? Is the technology practical and reliable? Are the necessary skills available to design and implement the system? Is there the infrastructure to cope with ongoing maintenance (problems, upgrades) Economic; This is regularly the most important analysis made, it asks important questions; Is the project justified (i.e. will benefits outweigh costs)? Can the project be done, within given cost constraints? What is the minimal cost to attain a certain system? Which alternative offers the best return on investment? How much will it cost to maintain? The 12 Stages of an ITIL Feasibility Analysis ITIL is a global guidance document that provides worlds best practices for IT service management companies. ITIL guidelines are often used in feasibility studies and are broken down into twelve stages. These twelve stages are described in this next section and if necessary a brief example has been given; Introduction It is important that an introduction to the feasibility analysis is made; this introduction includes the content, the intent, the intended audience, the purpose, and organizational details of the feasibility analysis. Management Summary This stage summarises, what the other stages within the template will explain in more detail; this section provides a quick overview of the feasibility analysis and would include the following, an Introduction, Management Summary, Background of the Project, Objectives, Situation, Benefits, Problems and Risks, Technical Requirements, Options, Cost/Benefit Analysis, Financial/Budget Implications and Recommendations Background to the Project A project is proposed for a specific scenario and this step describes the reason the proposal exists. For example; current sales are at a low due to increased competition, the proposal is for a new company website, where customers are able to buy directly. Objectives The high level business purposes of the proposal, including the long-range management goals. For example, the proposed project is to increase sales by an estimated 15% per annum over the next ten years. Situation This step describes the present condition, without the service in place, including market conditions, it is necessary to highlight the need for the proposed system, and the consequences of the proposal not being authorized. Benefits In the benefits section, it is necessary to focus on the short term benefits of the proposal; this is different to the objective stage which focuses on the long term gains and the cost-benefit step which focuses primarily on the financial benefits. An example of this could be the increased customer satisfaction of the proposed website. Problems and Risks It is important to identify and assess possible problems and risks of the proposed project associated with it within the development, design, and deployment stages. This is done by doing a risk assessment on the proposed system; this will be used to identify problems in many different areas, including technologies, lack of user support, or resources. Technical Requirements Has the business the technological infrastructure for the proposed system? These requirements include knowledge of the hardware and software required, for example, does the business possess the database architecture, network structures, and hardware to sustain the website, will it be necessary to outsource? Options It is recommended in the ITIL framework that a feasibility analysis includes any alternatives to the proposal, including advantages and disadvantages and costs. An example of this could be advertising to increase sales and would show the estimated cost of this. Cost/Benefit In this step, the total cost of the project is calculated; this includes development, design, deployment, and maintenance of the new service. Costs include facilities, hardware, labor, and software. The project cost is compared to the financial benefits provided by the proposed system. What are benefits? These are examples of benefits, more accurate / timely information. Improved operation, increased flexibility of operation, increased output, error reductions, cost reductions; benefits can be placed into three different categories; Monetary; when money values can be calculated, Tangible; when benefits can be quantified, but monetary values cannot be calculated. Intangible; when neither of the others apply, this applies there is a benefit, but it cannot be quantified. There are different types of costs; Project related; development, purchasing, Installation, training costs, Operational costs; these costs are often ongoing costs and include; Maintenance on the hardware; maintenance, lease, materials Software; maintenance fees and contracts Personnel; operation, maintenance There are a number of tools used, which helps in the economic section of the feasibility analysis these are; Cost-benefit analysis (CBA); which estimates and totals up the equivalent money value of the benefits and costs of proposed projects to establish whether they are worthwhile. Payback Analysis; which is used to calculate how long it will take to pay the costs of the project Return on Investment Analysis; which compares the lifetime profitability of alternative solutions, Net Present Value Analysis: using current monetary values, profitability is determined of the proposed project, Return On Investment (ROI) compares the lifetime profitability of alternative solutions, (Lifetime benefits Lifetime costs) Lifetime costs and finally you can compare alternatives with the feasibility analysis matrix. Financial/Budget Implications Once the overall costs have been established, it is necessary to verify if the necessary funds are available, if so how? This may result in changes to the budget or priorities and reducing expenditure to accommodate the costs. Recommendations In this final step recommendations regarding the proposal are made including scheduling and budgeting Summary In summary these twelve steps that make up the ITIL is among the first activities a manager will undertake in preparation for a proposal for a new IT service, though it is important to remember these steps make a general guide and different information systems may require amendments. Examples of feasibility analysis Though the majority of businesses keep their own feasibility analysis private, research identified an interesting feasibility analysis conducted by Powerco. In this section I will briefly review this feasibility analysis in a case study due to the word restrictions on this essay and the extensiveness of the ITIL framework. Powerco has an estimated 410,000 consumers which makes it one of New Zealands largest utilities Companies. These customers expect a reliable service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Powerco applications are split between two platforms; Oracle RAC and Microsoft SQL Server, which has meant that the business had additional expenses of licensing, supporting, operating, and maintaining two systems. Additionally it was awkward for staff to alternate between the systems when working. As the Oracle platform of Powercos warranty cycle was approaching expiration, and the financial system was scheduled an important upgrade, it was clear to the company that it was time to reassess its options and whether it should consolidate to a single server platform or replace existing hardware. Powerco acknowledged that to consolidate the database platforms would create a more simple IT environment and would reduce the total cost of the database system significantly. The case for consolidation was simple why maintain two systems if you dont need to? explains Mr. Griffiths, Infrastructure Manager, Powerco. Powerco undertook preliminary study of the solutions and assessed the pros and c ons of Oracle versus SQL Server. This analysis pointed towards some significant advantages in choosing SQL Server over Oracle. These included reduced licensing and maintenance costs, ease of management and fewer requirements for a specialised skill set to manage and service the system. A feasibility study of migrating to SQL Server was then completed by consultants on Powercos behalf including a cost/benefit analysis, a risk assessment, analysis of the alternatives and the four factors discussed earlier in this report, this confirmed Powercos applications could be supported on SQL Server, with the remaining end of life applications being replaced with SQL Server compatible ones, the feasibility study showed that unlike other options Microsoft SQL Server, serving could be done in-house. Microsofts SQL Server was the cheapest option to license, maintain, and support, particularly because of the specialised nature of Oracle. The business would be more streamline and efficient with just the single platform. Increases security. Further Tangible and Non-tangible benefits. Due to the results of the feasibility study, Powerco changed from the two platforms to solely Microsoft SQL Server, the result of this consolidation has meant Powerco has been able to reduce costs significantly, also ensuring it was easier to maintain and manage in-house and eliminating the need for external consultants. The migration to SQL Server has cut the overall cost of ownership by $390,000 a year, also helping to streamline Powercos IT systems and have given a number of other Tangible and Non-tangible benefits. Conclusion In conclusion this report has explained what a feasibility study is and when it should be used, I have then reviewed the various stages which are recommended by the IT industry experts at the ITIL and have given an example of a successful feasibility study undertaken by Powerco. I believe to be objective this report should have explored examples of a unsuccessful feasibility study, however this was not possible due to my research not providing any suitable cases, but still the findings of this report are clear, it is advisable to do a feasibility analysis, as it is tried and tested and the vast majority of large and established companies use this method to check the viability of a proposed venture and are taking a substantial risk if a feasibility study is not carried out before embarking on new project. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-19760438158603880342020-01-18T15:03:00.001-08:002020-01-18T15:03:04.171-08:00Inflation always bad for an economyIs inflation always bad for an economy? Inflation is a general Increase in prices and fall In the purchasing value of money measured as percentage; ways of measuring It Include the retail price index and the consumer price Index. One cost of Inflation Is that firms may have to spend money, time and effort moving money around financial Institutions (banks etc. ) so that they can ensure It doesn't lose Its value, It Incurs shoe leather costs as a result of this.However these costs can be offset by advances in technology, less human intervention is needed and costs are lower Another cost is that inflation leads to Geiger prices, these high prices reduce the competitiveness of the countries companies on global markets this reduces exports and leads to a dependency on imports, severely affecting a countries balance of trade. As imports are a leakage from the circular flow of income, it has negative effects on consumers within the country.Reduced exports due to high prices may lead to firm s having to close, this may lead to staff being made redundant and Increasing the unemployment rate. However, these negative effects may be mitigated If the firms with which the source entry Is trading with has a higher level of Inflation, In which case, the firms In the country will still remain price competitive with foreign companies.One positive of inflation Is that If you have a low and stable rate of demand-pull inflation It may lead to companies producing more as they expect more consumption of their goods. This may lead to them hiring more staff or purchasing more technology, either increasing employment rates or increasing turnovers of other businesses that make the technology required, all of which increase economic activity and have positive effects.Companies can reduce redundancies by increasing real wages by less than inflation, cutting costs but without making staff unemployed which would have sever negative effects on consumers and the economy. The economic costs of i nflation are dependent on a variety of factors, such as the degree of Inflation, for example: higher levels of Inflation always have a worse Impact on an economy than low levels, e. G. Hyperinflation reduces the functionality of money and also as low Inflation reduces the effect of shoe leather costs It Is clearly better than high levels of Inflation. Another determinant of the effects of inflation is whether the inflation was correctly anticipated by consumers and producers and whether inflation in one country is higher than the countries it partakes in trade with because if this is the case, measures can be taken to reduce the negative impacts of inflation.For example pensions could be increased to stay in line with inflation. If these factors are all set in a certain way then the effects of inflation can become positive, however generally this is not the case and inflation negatively affects an economy. Inflation always bad for an economy? By Chatterer Inflation is a general incr ease in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money measured as percentage; ways of measuring it include the retail price index and the consumer price index.One cost of inflation is that firms may have to spend money, time and effort moving money around financial institutions (banks etc. ) so that they can ensure it doesn't lose its value, it incurs shoe leather costs as a result of this. May lead to staff being made redundant and increasing the unemployment rate. However, these negative effects may be mitigated if the firms with which the source entry is trading with has a higher level of inflation, in which case, the firms in the country will still remain price competitive with foreign companies.One positive of inflation is that if you have a low and stable rate of demand-pull inflation it may lead dependent on a variety of factors, such as the degree of inflation, for example: higher levels of inflation always have a worse impact on an economy than low levels, e. G. Hyperinf lation reduces the functionality of money and also as low inflation reduces the effect of shoe leather costs it is clearly better than high levels of inflation. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-19797750845097115272020-01-10T11:27:00.001-08:002020-01-10T11:27:03.727-08:00Brazil World CupThe relationship between the FIFFA president Sepp Blatter and Brazil president Dilma Rousseff has been rocky, especially when the realization hit that Brazil is facing some alarming delays when it comes to the hosting of the 2014 world cup. Jerome Valcke (the general secretary of FIFFA) however has not helped to improve the overall relationship between not only Brazil and Blatter, but had made conflict, mostly initialized threw messages, envelope. The FIFFA president had asked for talks with Rousseff concerning the collapse of the relationship of organization and the world cup of 2014 hosts.The troubled partnership hit an all-time low at the weekend following Valckeââ¬â¢s criticism towards the hosts. The majority of the conflict that Valcke had made clear rather rudely, was focusing on the delays and the trouble it has a possibility to cause. An exert of the message includes ââ¬Å"to push yourself, kick your arse and just deliver this World Cupâ⬠. The Brazilian government re sponded by saying they no longer desired to work with him, causing a stronger tension that came to the point of almost breaking the alliance they non-formally had.On Tuesday March 6 2012 ( 48 hours after his comments ) Valcke issued an apology followed up by another apology from Blatter that made clear his disapproval of Valckeââ¬â¢s words but also made clear that indeed time is running out. Blatter's letter states: ââ¬Å"Please allow me to express my deepest regret for the present situation. I am gravely concerned about the deterioration in the relationship between FIFFA and the Brazilian government, a relationship that has always been characterized by mutual respect. He also includes: ââ¬Å"Brazil deserves to host the World Cup and the entire world is looking forward to it. However, the sands of time have been running since 2007. â⬠Brazil chose to accept the apology and at the current time FIFFA and Brazil our working to meet the deadlines of the world cup in time, and in peace.Bibliography Sepp Blatter Requests Talks with Brazilian President. â⬠The Independent. Independent Digital News and Media, n. d. Web. 04 Nov. 2012. <http://www. independent. co. uk/sport/football/news-and-comment/sepp-blatter-requests-talks-with-brazilian-president-7543288. html>. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-16050532766731294322020-01-02T07:50:00.001-08:002020-01-02T07:50:04.858-08:00Leadership Plan For A Leadership Development Plan When an organization wants to better and improve itself the leadership is the most important resource available. They are the rock of the organization and the engine that pulls the weight of the cars. In order for the organization to help grow a comprehensive leadership development plan must be establish and used. A leader can make or break the organization as they are the ones that make things happen or let things fail. A good leader has vision, takes initiative, influences people, makes proposals, organize logistics, solves problems, follows-up on taskingââ¬â¢s, and assumes responsibility for the good or the bad things that happen. Gone are the days where a leader at the top of the organization with followers below him. It is easy to develop a team of leaders around you and leadership does not have to be a lonely business. When the right people are trained you can share your responsibilities, vision, and commitment with them and create a team. Of course there needs to be a leader, but a good leader will use, not exclude, his talented staff. One person is not able to do everything and if they try to they will fail. This is why it is critical for a leadership development plan to be a standard in every organization. The elements I would include are: developing a plan for training based on the needs of the organization, promote access training for all employees, create a comprehensive employee profile, develop goals, develop objectives and do evaluations throughout theShow MoreRelatedLeadership Development Plan2596 Words à |à 10 PagesTable of contents TOC o 1-7 h z u HYPERLINK l _Toc336427196Introduction PAGEREF _Toc336427196 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc336427197Leadership Categories PAGEREF _Toc336427197 h 4 HYPERLINK l _Toc336427198How a leader operates PAGEREF _Toc336427198 h 5 HYPERLINK l _Toc336427199The problem solving factor PAGEREF _Toc336427199 h 6 HYPERLINK l _Toc336427200Values of a good leader PAGEREF _Toc336427200 h 8 HYPERLINK l _Toc336427201Skills in a leader PAGEREF _Toc336427201 h 9 HYPERLINK lRead MoreLeadership Development Plan994 Words à |à 4 PagesLeadership Development Plan In creating my personal leadership development plan, I will first provide an overview of what I have found to be my strengths and weaknesses and in doing so will make a distinction as to my leadership style. I will then discuss recent activities I have undertaken which have served to underscore these strengths and weaknesses. Finally, I will lay out my plans for future growth and development as a leader. There are several activities assignments that have beenRead MoreLeadership Development Pl Leadership Plan Essay1429 Words à |à 6 PagesRunning head: LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1 LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PLAN 5 My Development Plan The specific LEADERSHIP TASK AREAS I want to address Mentoring / Coaching Employee / One on one Training, Emotional Situation: According to the results of the Leatherman Leadership Questionnaire (LLQ), I have to improve myself in ethically, have to improve myself confidence to handle emotions of employees, and one on one training. My actions would be to control emotions of employee are like teach themRead MoreThe Personal Leadership Development Plan1333 Words à |à 6 Pages The Personal Leadership Development Plan (PLDP) Leadership represents an essential element for the success of an organization, it has a profound impact on the achievement of the goals. The leadership unites an organization efforts and directs toward the behavior of individuals in line with the achievement of objectives and deliverables. Organizations composed of members from different cultures, mentalities, and personalities representing groups of people work together in a specific regulatory frameworkRead MorePersonal Leadership Development Plan2021 Words à |à 9 PagesPersonal Leadership Development Plan Ivan F Rodriguez University of Phoenix Abstract This leadership development plan (LDP) is tailored for its author and is not a research paper in the traditional sense. The author begins with his personal framework for leadership. Included are the results of several leadership assessment tools, information from coaching, and personal feedback, and insights into the authorââ¬â¢s goals for career and leadership development. The report concludes with thoughts onRead MoreDeveloping A Leadership Development Plan1731 Words à |à 7 PagesA leadership development plan can be very useful in helping a leader understand and practice what is expected of them in the role they are taking on. When developing a leadership development plan it is important to determine what objectives a leader should have for the specific company. In the context of becoming CEO of TOMS, a leader must understanding how to create clear vision statements for the company, communicate effectively with a global audience, and manage a diverse team. It is very impor tantRead MoreLeadership Development Plan Essay1451 Words à |à 6 PagesRunning head: LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT PLAN Leadership Development Plan Marcus N.T. Smith University of Phoenix LDR 711- Leadership Theory and Practice Dr. Jane Armstrong One of the most important aspects of leadership is self-knowledge and particularly awareness of your priorities and values. As a leader it is imperative to improve your leadership ability on an everyday basis.Read MoreLEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT ACTION PLAN1072 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿ LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT ACTION PLAN Mgt 6301 December 1, 2012 LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT ACTION PLAN Being appointed Chief Security Office (CSO) and being responsible for my companyââ¬â¢s success during this time of significant change would require some major changes within me and my leadership skills. One of the most important attributes of a successful leader is self-knowledge about their distinctiveness and areas that requireRead MoreMy Personal Leadership Plan For Leadership Development1393 Words à |à 6 PagesMy Personal Leadership Plan From leadership theories and observations and my personal experiences, I found that leadership is a life learning process and best practices of leadership skills. Surprisingly, the Center for Creative Leadership (CCL) points out that informal development opportunities, such as training, are responsible for only 10 percent of the actual learning in leadership development, and ninety percent of learning for leadership development is achieved in formal settings, mainly inRead MorePersonal Leadership Development Plan3009 Words à |à 13 PagesPersonal Leadership Development Plan Megan Quastad ABS415: Leadership amp; Ethics in a Changing World Instructor: Ken Feifer July 30, 2012 Personal Leadership Development Plan Throughout life one will encounter many experiences and there is a lesson within each of those experiences. Right now as an activity aide in a nursing home my passion is to make sure each and every resident gets some sort of enjoyment out of their day whether itââ¬â¢s from reading the newspaper, having coffee outside or its Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-33100936857891116632019-12-25T04:17:00.001-08:002019-12-25T04:17:03.973-08:00Trumans Blunder The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb The atomic policy against Japan was closely related to the fear of Soviet expansion in Asia. U.S. leaders were strongly conscious of Russiaââ¬â¢s agreement at Yalta to join the war against Japan three months past Germanyââ¬â¢s surrender on May 7, 1945 (Fogelman, 124). Among the U.S. invasion of Japan planned for November 1, 1945, U.S. officials were doubtful about the cooperative mission with Russia in which Russia would have power at the peace table. However, the successful detonation at Alamogordo had transformed everything. The bomb guaranteed that the U.S. no longer required Russian aid to win in the Pacific (Wainstock, 132). In reality, Russian involvement would now only threaten American postwar interests. If successful, the atomic bombâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦After the Trinity nuclear test, conducted on July 10, 1945, the nuclear weaponââ¬â¢s ability was shown. Even U.S. President Harry S. Truman attended the testing of the weapon (Ferrell, 189). The destruction instigated by the explosion comprised of the disintegration of a 60 foot high steel tower; additionally the bombs detonation created a crater 6 feet deep and 1,200 feet in diameter. The bomb was so powerful that a steel tower half a mile away collapsed. Even men 10,000 yards away were flung off their feet, and the men carrying out the test, as well as Truman felt the heat from the explosion on their hand 32 kilometers away from the bomb (Maddox, 154). After experiencing this Truman ought to have been more restrained regarding the use of the weapon; particularly when he stated it would be detonated on a military target not a civilian target. However, it was obvious that both targeted cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki were industrialized cities with large populations that would lead to many civilians being killed (Fogelman, 145). In addition, the United States did not look at the treat that the radiation from the bomb posed on civilians. Another reason that the bombââ¬â¢s use was unjustified was that the U.S. made aware that Japan was on the verge of surrender. Japan had been blockaded by the navy and had been continuously bombed. Cities such as Tokyo were decimated and thousands of Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-65311028249357378852019-12-17T00:07:00.001-08:002019-12-17T00:07:04.397-08:00Essay about A Time in History - 674 Words A Time in History Iââ¬â¢ve been asked before: ââ¬Å"What time period in history would you most like to visit and experience the most?â⬠And I would have to stop and wonder where exactly I would want to go. I use to have much trouble in answering this question. There are countless events and points of time in history that I would absolutely love to get to see with my own eyes and experience with my own body and mind. However, I now find it rather easier to respond without having to stop and think for so long. Somewhere along thereabouts of the 13th century would definitely be one of my choices now. There are many things I would like to see for myself. For one, the works of art produced during that time period would be first on my to-doâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦His works range from his realistic Madonna Enthroned painted tempera on wood in 1310 to his ever-famous painting, The Lamentation over the Dead Christ, painted fresco in the Arena Chapel in Padua, Italy earlier in 1305. Be cause of his advances, artists thereafter began to accomplish the same. His works I would definitely like to see for myself. The accomplishments in architecture during that time, I have to say, are simply genius. Just to think of how these mass cathedrals, palaces, and such other buildings were precisely thought of and built absolutely fascinates me and blows my mind. Gothic architecture, I think, would be a good sight to see. Iââ¬â¢d like to see the hard ships of the labor done on such high structures as well as how exactly they put together everything. For example, the stained-glass windows that are found in most Gothic-style cathedrals must have been a long time consuming process. The meticulous work done on these windows is extraordinary. There are too many chapels and cathedrals for me to specifically name all the ones I would like to witness being built. I will name, however, the abbey church of Saint Denis, the Florence Cathedral in Italy and the Palazzo Pubblico, w hich is also found in Italy. Finally, the last thing I would admire about the time is the literature. There is nothing better than trying to analyze exactly what an author was thinking at the time he or she was writing hisShow MoreRelatedThe Missing Time : The History Of Human History1345 Words à |à 6 Pagesmissing time, the several months just before the arrival of the volunteers era. The more Phillip thought about it the more he was almost certain of that. They must have been watching us at that point in our history. The world was at its all time worst then, at a critical juncture, a precipice, and they changed all that. They altered the course of human history almost instantly and caused all of civilization to do a complete turnaround. Welcome to New Americaââ¬â¢s New York branch of history recordsRead MoreJust-in-Time History803 Words à |à 4 PagesFords My Life and Work (1923): We have found in buying materials that it is not worthwhile to buy for other than immediate needs. We buy only enough to fit into the plan of production, taking into consideration the state of transportation at the time. If transportation were perfect and an even flow of materials could be assured, it would not be necessary to carry any stock whatsoever. The carloads of raw materials would arrive on schedule and in the planned order and amounts, and go from the railwayRead MoreHistory of Time Telling Machines972 Words à |à 4 Pagesclear intention of solving an ongoing problem or satisfying a societal need. Many times, this new piece of technology is simple, such as the toothpick. Other times, a new technology can be a thing of great complexity, such as a computer hard drive or Facebook. One piece of technology in particular has changed the way human society has functioned over the past few centuries. Everyone strives to keep track of time, as more and more technologies arise and give way to an increased demand for a structuredRead MoreA Brief History of Time Summary Essay1371 Words à |à 6 Pagesease. Stephen Hawking, the most famous living scientist today, wrote A Brief History of Time in 1988, updated in 1996, in order to take upon this daunting task of explaining basic theoretical physics to a population who had previously barely studied any science. Within A Brief History of Time, Hawking touches upon seven topics in-depth while easily explaining them in a simple manner: our picture of the universe, space and time, the expanding universe, the uncertainty principle, elementary particles andRead More History of Psychology Time Line Essays1308 Words à |à 6 PagesTime Line The history of psychology just might be the greatest type of history to explore. From 387 B.C Plato?s Academy of Athens, where his metaphysics, epistemology, and social philosophy found expression and came to pervade Western thought. Plato was a dualist, separating the physical world from the world of true form. His assertion that reality is known through reason was not challenged until the rise of empiricism, to the Supreme Courts ruling on April 30, 1979. In Addinton v. TexasRead MoreAn Explosive Time During Ukrainian History1624 Words à |à 7 PagesOlivia Rutherford Mrs. Smith Pre-AP English 10 19 October 2015 An Explosive Time in Ukrainian History INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH The Chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded April 25-26, 1986, near the town of Pripyat, Ukraine. At the time of the incident, Chernobylââ¬â¢s reactors were owned and operated by the Soviet Ministry of Power and Electrification. The design of the reactor was unique to the Soviets and was called an RBMK, which stands for Large Power Boiling Reactor. Like the reactors in the UnitedRead MoreBrief History Of Time By Stephen Hawking2268 Words à |à 10 PagesFor the second semester book report I chose to read A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking. Before I started reading I knew what I signed up for. A lot of math, science and complicated stuff that sometimes makes my head hurt. Nonetheless A Brief History of Time is about the history of science, history of how the universe began and how the journey of finding the theory for everything has been going. He talks about some of the theories that may help with finding the theory like the black hole theoryRead MoreBig History : A Huge S pan Of Time1839 Words à |à 8 PagesFrom the beginning of the universe to what society has evolved into today consists of a huge span of time. Big History is the broad yet complex study of the history of everything - from the emergence of the universe, the birth of stars, the first planets, evolution of humans, and more. The concepts of Big History is divided into thresholds of increasing complexity. Each threshold has a unique complexity different from the other thresholds. In order to move on to a new threshold, there must be a newRead MoreThe Pax Roman An Unprecedented Time Of History2069 Words à |à 9 PagesFor Rome the ââ¬Å"Pax Romanaâ⬠was an unprecedented time in history. For once there was relative peace in the empire, for the rich at least. While there was peace from enemy invaders there was internal conflict where the poor were being brutalized by the government and the rich, making Rome a hotbed for political activity. Jesus Christ did not set out to create a new religion, or to even challenge Roman authority but that is what he did and for that he was executed. Jesus execution inadvertentlyRead MoreHistory Of Cosmetology Dates From Ancient Times905 Words à |à 4 PagesThe history of cosmetology dates back to ancient times. Since the first time humans were able to see their own reflections, there have been Cosmetologists. It began as a very skilled trade among the poor or servant class. (S1). It is said that the Egyptians were one of the first to use ââ¬Å"makeupâ⬠as art, which puts them as one of the front-runners for cosmetics. The Egyptians used ochres and dyes for their cheeks and eyes. (S1). Many others didnââ¬â¢t use makeup in ancient times, such as Greece. Women Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-4203101003439497402019-12-08T20:49:00.001-08:002019-12-08T20:49:03.246-08:00Gold, God or Glory free essay sample Youââ¬â¢ve just gotten out of prison after doing three years for taking part in burning a heretic. Youââ¬â¢re not married, you have no kids and you donââ¬â¢t have too much going on for you right now. The minute you get out, youââ¬â¢re best friend is right there waiting for you. Heââ¬â¢s got the letââ¬â¢s do something insane face youââ¬â¢ve grown to hate. You donââ¬â¢t know what heââ¬â¢s going to ask you but you know itââ¬â¢s crazy. He says, ââ¬Å"Want to travel across the sea with me? â⬠Through word of mouth, heââ¬â¢s been asked by a man, who goes by Christopher Columbus, to travel with him and eighty other men on a ship across the Atlantic. Itââ¬â¢s crazy, itââ¬â¢s reckless but will you go? Why would a person living in Spain decide to pack up and leave everything he was use to in search for new lands? Did these men long to travel thousands of miles across the ocean facing and unknown death for simply religious reasons? Or was it because these men were willing to risk all, start a new beginning and take the chance at gaining massive wealth and glory? There is no doubt that for most men, gold was the main source of motivation for explorers, followed closely by fame and lastly God. Especially apparent in Aguirre, or the Wrath of God, the Spaniardââ¬â¢s risking travel across the Atlantic did so because they wanted to receive the ultimate reward, gold and lots of it. The myth of the riches is not a myth at all but rather can be presented as fact. The desire to travel in search of riches dates back to before Spainââ¬â¢s dominance as a nation during time when the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon were still separated. Portugalââ¬â¢s ideal location near the Atlantic Ocean made it ideal for the country to travel up and down the cost of Africa. As a result, the Portuguese nation grew tremendously wealthy due to its easy sea access along the coast allowing the trade of products and slaves. ââ¬Å"Arguably, the quest for direct access to West African slaves led directly to the Iberian discovery of the Americas. â⬠The sudden growth of Portuguese attracted many other navigators, sailors and slave traders, Christopher Columbus to be included. Christopher Columbus believed that one could sail West across the Atlantic and hit Asia. The Portuguese did not believe him and in doing so, brought him to seek anyone else that would supply him on his journey. He searched elsewhere and stumbled upon the support of the Spanish Crown through Queen Isabella. Columbus set off for Asia in 1492 and by mistake, hit an island in the Caribbean. It can be argued that the Spanish conquest of the new lands was not for economic gain but rather for religious purposes. Bartolome De Las Casas in his personal letter, a Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (1542), he states that ââ¬Å"the Americas were discovered in 1492, and the first Christian settlements established by the Spanish the following year. The Spanish forming a Christian settlement in such a short time provides evidence that the Spanish placed religion high on their priority. He goes on later to say that ââ¬Å"these would be the most blessed people on earth if only they were given the chance to convert to Christianity. â⬠To sum, the letters speak about the brutality of the Spaniards against the natives which has resulted in the abandonment of many islands once inhabited by natives. Bartolome De Las Casas, in his personal account of the New World, does not once speak of the coloniesââ¬â¢ economic well-being or search for gold. But does this mean that religious conquest was more important than the newly settle Spaniardââ¬â¢s desire to find gold? It does not. Remember, De Las Casas was a Dominican friar that owned slaves of his own. So how is it possible for the Spanish priests to save the indigenous people if they couldnââ¬â¢t even save their own from divine punishment? In Christopher Columbusââ¬â¢s letter to the Spanish crown in 1494, he states nine of his thirteen points to be about the transportation and the transfer of gold. Keep in mind that two years have already passed since his arrival to the new world. In this letter, Columbus addresses issues dealing mainly with gold, placing with a lesser importance on conversion, spiritual conquest, and religion in general. Columbus only speaks of the conversion of Indians in a single point which states ââ¬Å"That there shall be a church, and parish priests or friars to administer the sacraments, to perform divine worship, and for the conversion of the Indians. â⬠If Columbus and the Spaniards were more interested in the salvation of the indigenous people rather than for gold, it would only make sense that there would be more points about the conversion of natives than gold. It would also make sense for him to go into great detail about the process of conversion as well as the acceptable consequences for natives unwilling to convert. Columbus does not go into any more detail than simply stating that a church, priests and the conversion of Indians be presence. Nowhere does it state number of people needed to be converted, or any other quota of the sort. Columbusââ¬â¢s letter makes it extremely difficult to believe the Spaniardââ¬â¢s number one motive was conversion. But rather, the letter makes it quite clear that the Spaniardââ¬â¢s as well as Columbusââ¬â¢ motivation for exploration was more focused on gold, the search, transportation and the claim to any gold found in the New world. Fast-forward a few decades to 1560, the Spaniards have established their colonies and now are on the search for the golden city of El Dorado. In the movie, Aguirre or the Wrath of God, the director, Werner Herzog, makes it clear to the viewer that the conquistadors are in search of riches and riches alone. There are multiple scenes where the missionary, Gaspar de Carvajal, and the slaves are together but never does the film show the missionaryââ¬â¢s desire to convert them into Christians. In one particular scene as the Spaniards ride on a raft down the river, they stumble upon two natives in a nearby canoe. Aguirre and his men, capture both of the natives which are then presented to the rest of the crew. The Spaniards and missionary, upon sight of immediately ask where he had gotten the gold. Herzog pays particular attention-to-detail in the missionaryââ¬â¢s expression when he notices the native manââ¬â¢s golden necklace. Rather than the welcoming and holy image, one might think the missionary might have upon first-contact, the missionary instead morphs into a vicious and greed-filled man. The viewer is able to see the desire for wealth painted all over the missionaryââ¬â¢s face and only after he finds out which direction the gold is in does he decide to convert the natives. The order in which the Spanish missionary went about his duties clearly shows to the viewer that in his mind, he had his material desires first and conversion of the native second. This particular scene goes against the belief that the Spaniards were interested more in salvation than finding riches. Rather it gives clear evidence for the motives of the Spaniards on their quest to find El Dorado and ultimately, their desire for gold. Not only does Aguirre or the Wrath of God suggest a slight desire for conversion of natives, it also suggests the Spanish Conquistadores desire for wealth and glory. This can be backed up towards the end of the movie, Aguirre more than anything else, wants the fame and power that comes with obtaining new lands. He twice refers back to Cortez, the Spanish conquistador that disobeyed the Spanish crown and in doing so discovered Mexico, as a way of rallying his men. In his mind, he has the obsession over the illusion of the city of El Dorado even when his men start to lose faith he pushes on and consequently, kills them all. The movie closes with Aguirre on the raft, everyone around him has died off from a fever or starvation, but even then he still continues searching until his death for the illusion of fame and fortune. Aguirreââ¬â¢s last words, ââ¬Å"I, the Wrath of God, will marry my own daughter and with her I will found the purest dynasty the world has ever seen. Together, we shall rule this entire continent. We shall endure. I am the Wrath of God! â⬠Herzog rightfully, portrays the Spanish in a historically accurate light. He sets them up as wealth and fame hungry men motivated solely on their unquenchable desire for power and fortune. Although many Spaniardââ¬â¢s did choose to travel overseas for a ââ¬Å"Spiritual Conquestâ⬠, there is no doubt the Spaniardââ¬â¢s freely chose to look death in the face for the potential greater gain of wealth and glory. It just doesnââ¬â¢t make sense for a person to pack up, and risk everything they had going for them in Spain for the sole purpose of religious conversion. Unless, a person is a missionary, there is no other reason for looking and searching for a person(s) to forcibly convert. And if even if you did happen to be a missionary, that still doesnââ¬â¢t mean gold, and the splendor of vast riches had no effect on you. Money is king. And it is rightfully king, because it continues to make the world go round. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-15913216231762423772019-12-01T08:31:00.001-08:002019-12-01T08:31:03.580-08:00Social Aspects of Information Technology Executive Summary This is part one of a report that was prepared with reference to week eight of the activity that involved creating a social network. The activity was centered on the marketing of a clothing fashion brand through a group page created on Facebook. This report details the step-by-step procedure of creating the social network on Facebook, the experience of the group during the social networking process and the eventual outcome of the activity.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Social Aspects of Information Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Creating a Social Network We followed a systematic schedule in the creation of a social network for part one of the report. The activities of the group began in week 2 with the brainstorming of ideas for the search and choice of a brand that we wanted to promote through the use of a social media platform. The group had only one member at this point. In we ek three, the activities of the group intensified as the group membership increased to three people. We narrowed down the ideas we generated during our brainstorming phase of the activity by choosing our preferred brand and a social networking platform. We specifically settled on Kalimah Brand as our preferred brand and Facebook as our preferred social networking website. The Procedure and Outcome of the Social Networking Activity Kalimah Brand is a prolific clothing line that is based in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The brand specializes in the manufacture and distribution of top notch fashion clothing that caters for the needs of customers across the market demographics. Our choice of Kalimah Brand was primarily informed by the companyââ¬â¢s online presence. The brand operates at the Kalimah e-store through which it distributes its vibrant fashion and clothing varieties. We reckoned that this would make it easier for us to integrate and synergize the online visibility of the Kalimah e -store with our interactions and our target customers on our Facebook page. The choice of Facebook being our preferred social media platform, was influenced by the popularity and end-user friendly characteristics of Facebook in comparison to other social media platforms such as Twitter and Myspace. We sufficiently established that Facebook would guarantee easy integration between our target individual clothing items of the Kalimah Brand, the Kalimah e-store, and our group page. Moreover, we recognized that the use of Facebook among the population is more widespread in Saudi Arabia compared to the other social media networks. As such, this provided the group with a great potential to reach out as many customers as possible while creating a huge fan base for our groupââ¬â¢s discussion board and forum.Advertising Looking for report on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In week four, our activities had boiled down to the actua l social media marketing on Facebook. We modified our group page and added a fan page to the main group page so as the solicit feedback from our followers. We created different demographic categories that mainly included ââ¬Å"Womenâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Menâ⬠for our targeted marketing of products. We then proceeded to upload 15 pictures for the ââ¬Å"Womenâ⬠category. Our membership increased to five people with the addition of a new group member ââ¬Å"Mehdiâ⬠having been the hallmark activity of the week. The quality of our discussion forum similarly improved tremendously. Our fan page particularly contributed towards creating a feedback-oriented discussion forum for our group page. Week five saw our membership increase to eight with the upload of 20 pictures for the ââ¬Å"Menâ⬠category of our brandââ¬â¢s products having taken the center stage. Our activities went a notch higher in week six when we promoted ladiesââ¬â¢ t-shirts for summer. Our Facebook group page became more active following the growth of our membership to 13 people. We were particularly impressed by the response of customers on our Facebook page as many people began to inquire about the store manufacturer, the location of the store, and delivery methods for products. By week seven, our membership had doubled to 26 people and the number of inquiries about our brandââ¬â¢s products continued to increase. Conclusion The success of our group was largely motivated by the high quality standards of clothes from the Kalimah Brand. It was easy to sell these products because their photographs were evidently appealing encouraging prospective customers to seek for more information. The ease of feedback communication was the biggest advantage of social media networking that we experienced during this group activity. This report on Social Aspects of Information Technology was written and submitted by user Angela W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-82920118231534794882019-11-26T14:29:00.001-08:002019-11-26T14:29:04.006-08:00Definition of a Public UniversityDefinition of a Public University The term public indicates that the universitys funding comes partly from state taxpayers. This is not true forà private universities. Its also worth noting that many states do not fund their public universities adequately, and in some cases far less than half of the operating budget comes from the state. Lawmakers often see public education as a place to cut back on spending, and the result can sometimes be significant increases in tuition and fees, larger class sizes, fewer academic options, and longer time to graduation. Examples of Public Universities The largest residential campuses in the country are all public universities. For example, these public institutions all have more than 50,000 students: University of Central Florida, Texas AM University, The Ohio State University, Arizona State University, and the University of Texas at Austin. These schools all have a strong focus on faculty and graduate research, and all have Division I athletic programs. You wont find any residential private universities that are nearly as large as these schools. All of the schools listed above are major or flagship campuses of the state systems. The majority of public universities, however, are lesser-known regional campuses such as the University of West Alabama, Penn State University Altoona, and the University of Wisconsin. Regional campuses often do an excellent job controlling costs, and many offer programs suited for working adults who are trying to earn a degree. Features of Public Universities A public university has a few features that distinguish it from private universities: Size - The size of public universities varies widely. As mentioned above, however, the largest universities in the country are all public. Youll also find regional public universities of just a couple thousand students.Division I Athletics - The great majority of Division I athletic teams are fielded by public universities. For example, all but one member of the SEC (Vanderbilt) are public universities, and all but one member of the Big Ten (Northwestern) are public. At the same, time, there are numerous Division II, Division III, and NAIA athletic programs at public universities, and some public institutions that have no intercollegiate athletic programs at all.Low Cost - Public universities typically have tuition that is considerably lower than private universities, especially for in-state students. Out-of-state tuition can vary widely, and some schools such as those in the University of California System and the University of Michigan have out-of-state tuition that is as high or h igher than many private institutions. Also keep in mind that many public universities dont have the resources for robust grant aid that youll find at top-tier private universities, so if you qualify for financial aid, you may actually find that a top private university will cost you less than a top public university, even if the sticker price is tens of thousands of dollars higher. Commuter and Part-time Students - Public universities tend to have more commuter and part-time students than private colleges and universities. This is particularly true of regional public universities. The flagship campuses of state systems tend to be largely residential.The Downside - Read the profiles of universities carefully. In many cases, public universities have lower graduation rates, higher student/faculty ratios and more loan aid (thus, more student debt) than private universities. Public universities share many features with private universities: Undergraduate and graduate student focus - Large public universities have significant masters and doctoral programs just like top private universities.Graduate degrees - At large public universities, advanced degree offerings such as an M.A., M.F.A., M.B.A., J.D., Ph.D., and M.D. are common.Broad academic offerings - Students can often choose courses in the liberal arts, sciences, engineering, business, health, and fine arts.Faculty focus on research - At big-name public universities, professors are often evaluated for their research and publishing first, and teaching second. Teaching may take priority at branch campuses and regional public universities. A Final Word on Public Universities The most selective colleges in the country are all private, and the colleges with the largest endowments are also private. That said, the countrys best public universities deliver educations that are on par with their private counterparts, and the price tag of public institutions can be as much as $40,000 less per year than elite private institutions. The price tag, however, is rarely the actual price of college, so be sure to look into financial aid. Harvard, for example, has a total cost of over $66,000 a year, but a student from a family that earns less than $100,000 a year can go for free. For in-state students who dont qualify for aid, a public university will frequently be the more affordable option. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-3422070886006310182019-11-22T21:52:00.001-08:002019-11-22T21:52:02.958-08:00How to Show Gratitude and Say Thank You to a TeacherHow to Show Gratitude and Say Thank You to a Teacher Most teachers do not receive the admiration and respect that they deserve. Many of them work extremely hard, dedicating their lives to educating youth. They do not do it for the paycheck; they do not do it for the praise. Instead, they teach because they want to make a difference. They enjoy putting their stamp on a child whom they believe will grow up and make a significant difference in the world. Why Show Gratitude Teachers have likely impacted their students in more ways than most people understand. Most adults have had teachers who have inspired them in some manner to be a better person. So, teachers deserve praise. Its important to say thank you to teachers as often as possible. Teachers love to feel appreciated. It makes them confident, which makes them better. Parents and students can have a hand in this. Take the time to show your gratitude and say thank you to your teachers and make them feel appreciated.à 25 Ways to Thank a Teacher These 25 suggestions provide a way of showing teachers, pastà andà present, that you care. They are in no particular order, but some are more practical if you are currently a student and others will work better if you are an adult, and no longer in school. You will need to seek permission from or interact with the school principal for a few of these ideas. Give teachers an apple. Yes, this is clichà ©, but they will appreciate this simple gesture because you took the time to do it.Tell them that you appreciate them. Words are powerful. Let your teachers know what you love about them and their class.Give them a gift card. Find out what their favorite restaurant or place to shop is and get them a gift card to indulge.à Bring them their favorite candy/soda. Pay attention to what they drink/snack on in class and keep them supplied periodically.Send them an email. It does not have to be a novel, but tell them how much you appreciate them or let them know what kind of impact they have made on your life.Send them flowers. This is a terrific way to say thank you to a female teacher. Flowers will always put a smile on a teachers face.Do something memorable for their birthday whether it is giving them a cake, having the class sing happy birthday or getting them a special gift. Birthdays are momentous days that should be recognized.Write them a note. Keep it simple and let them know just how much they mean to you. Stay late and help them get organized for the next day. Teachers have plenty to do after students leave for the day. Offer to help straighten their room, empty trash, make copies or run errands.Mow their lawn. Tell them that you would like to do something special to show your appreciation and ask them if it would be OK to come over and mow their lawn.Give them tickets. Teachers love to get out and have a good time. Buy them tickets to see the newest movie, their favorite sports team or a ballet/opera/musical.Donate money toward their classroom. Teachers spend a lot of their own money on classroom supplies. Give them some cash to help ease this burden.Volunteer to cover a duty. This is a fabulous way for parents to say thank you. In general, teachers are not excited about covering duties, such as acting as the scorekeeper at a game or chaperoning a prom, so they will be extra excited when you do. Ask the principal first if it is OK.Buy them lunch. Teachers get tired of eating cafeteri a food or bringing their lunch. Surprise them with a pizza or something from their favorite restaurant. Be an exemplary student. Sometimes this is the best way to say thank you. Teachers appreciate students who are never in trouble, enjoy being at school and are excited to learn.Buy them a Christmas present. It does not have to be elegant or expensive. Your teacher will appreciate anything that you get her.Volunteer. Most teachers will appreciate the extra help. Let them know that you are willing to help in any area that you may be needed. Elementary school teachers will especially appreciate this help.Bring donuts. What teacher does not love donuts? This will provide an excellent, tasty start to any teacherââ¬â¢s day.Contact them when they are sick. Teachers get sick too. Check on them via email or social media or text and let them know you hope they get well soon. Ask them if they need anything. They will appreciate that you took the time to check on them.Post on social media. If your childââ¬â¢s teacher has a Facebook account, for example, let him know how much you appreciate all the things he does. Be a supportive parent. Knowing that she has tremendous parental support makes a teacherââ¬â¢s job much easier. Backing a teachers decisions is an excellent way to show your appreciation.Tell the principal how much you appreciate your teacher. The principalà evaluates teachersà regularly, and this type of positive feedback can factor into evaluations.Give them a hug or shake their hand. Sometimes this simple gesture can speak volumes in showing your appreciation. Be cautious when giving a hug that it is appropriate.Send them a graduation invite. Let your teachers know when you have reached a milestone such as graduating high school and/or college. They played a role in getting you there, and including them in this celebration will let them know just how much they meant to you.Do something with your life. Nothing says thank you like being a success. Teachers want the best for every student that they teach. When you are successful, they are successful because they know they had some influence on you for at least nine months of your life. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-32706814991517621992019-11-21T03:14:00.001-08:002019-11-21T03:14:05.945-08:00Critos Reason to Escape Prison Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsCritos Reason to Escape Prison - Assignment Example Crito believes that no one would believe that he actually gave out money for Socrates to escape, but Socrates declined and according to him, there is no any other disgrace than being considered as a person who values money compared to a friend. Critoââ¬â¢s reason for convincing Socrates to escape prison in order to avoid the death penalty is driven by the fact that he cannot believe that Socrates is justified in betraying his own life when he can be saved. Crito asserts that Socrates betraying own life is akin to betraying his own children (Plato, n.d.). This is because he is choosing to leave them when he can bring them up and play a role in educating them. He challenges Socrates by saying that nobody should bring forth children when they are not willing to persevere until the end to educate and nurture them into responsible people. à Socrates listens keenly to Crito before giving him reasons that counter his arguments. First and foremost, he tells Crito that he fears that Crito and his other friends may get into trouble with the informers for helping him escape. Additionally, helping him to escape will make them lose their entire or a huge part of their property; or they may even face worse evil. à In as much as Crito tries to convince him that they are willing to go to the extreme to ensure that he escapes, Socrates is exceptionally adamant. He gives Crito several premises and asks him whether he is right by saying that opinions of some people are to be valued and opinions others is not to be valued. In saying this, he was telling Crito not to value the opinion of people who will consider him as a person who values wealth as opposed to friendship (Plato, n.d.). According to Socrates, the opinions of such people are the ones to be considered as opinions that do not matter. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-18160029463510975732019-11-19T12:49:00.001-08:002019-11-19T12:49:03.221-08:00EC can be used to create strategic advantage for a firm EssayEC can be used to create strategic advantage for a firm - Essay Example Thus, it is important that an e-commerce strategic projection has to be incorporated in a company's strategic business plans. (King, et al, 2004) For the purpose of this paper we shall examine the details of a specific Electronic Commerce tactic in this case the electronic data exchange and analyze the effects it has on three companies which are Amazon inc., MySpace Company and First American bank. For firms, e-commerce implies using the web and the internet as a channel of distribution in marketing and selling of goods and also service to the firm's customers. This is a narrow definition, of e-commerce as it only describes internet commerce. E-commerce is much wider in what it entails. According to King, et al (2004) e-commerce is the exchange of information, services, goods and payments electronically and it involves formation and continuation of Web-based relationships. Thus, e-commerce encompasses the internet, extranets, intranets, electronic data exchange (EDE) and other electronic aspects. Examples of activities performed using e-commerce includes; Internet has globalized this world and in the same e-commerce is global. Difference in cities or countries even does not affect e-commerce if you have any kind of crises you can log on from any where in the world and can solve your problem in a faction of a minute. Transaction is very fast and effective; many online business sites now offer sophisticated tools to help consumers manage all their assets more effectively and conveniently. (King, et al, 2004) A simple example of this can be taken from the simple accounting software e.g. in the banking sector. Some online banks provide to simplify record keeping. Another importance of e-commerce is that less paper work has to be done and once u have entered information, it doesn't need to be re-entered for similar consequent checks, and future payments can be programmed to occur automatically. Importance of e-commerce on companies E-commerce serves as a vital strategic tool for companies. When e-commerce is well used in companies it brings considerable opportunities to the company. The importance of e-commerce to companies can be classified in two main classes; the tangible advantages and the intangible advantages that are brought about by information technology. E-commerce is vital for many companies, today e-commerce has assisted many companies and organizations to revolutionize the manner in which they operate and manage their operations. Though, for a company to realize maximum benefits of e-commerce it must invest in the technology and manpower. (Chan, Lee, & Dillon, 2001) Tangible benefits The tangible benefits of e-commerce touches on the monetary aspect of the company, it touches on the financial benefits that occur due to the company investing in e-commerce that can only be measured using tangible metrics. For example, cost saving, market share, productivity and profitability of the company. These benefits enables the company to make a lot of saving and the money goes along way in improving other aspect of the company. (Chan, Lee, & Dillon, 2001) Intangible benefits T Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-70819064709619681052019-11-17T01:20:00.001-08:002019-11-17T01:20:04.124-08:00The End of the Cold War and the United Nations Essay Example for Free The End of the Cold War and the United Nations Essay Abstract The end of the Cold War ushered in many significant changes in the international system. Many of these changes are seen to provide an impetus for the reestablishment of multilateralism and the collective security approach to the maintenance of international peace and security, under the aegis of the United Nations. The multilateral movement gathered momentum over the first few years of the post-Cold War era and saw a number of peacekeeping missions mandated by the United Nations across the World. However, a careful inspection of these missions, and other instances when any action failed to materialize, reveals that much of the impetus gained from the end of the Cold War conflict was lost due. Several factors contributed to this outcome, not least a lack of political will on the part of the United Nations and the Member States. The essay concludes by looking at the present situation and arguing that a similar opportunity as the one in 1991 has presented itself, leaving the United Nations in particular, and multilateralism in general, with a chance to redeem itself. Introduction: The UN during the Cold War à à à à à à à à à à à The end of the Second World War and the institution of the United Nations in 1945 were landmark events in the history of the world. While the conclusion of the War marked the demise of European imperialism (though the decolonisation process would continue till 1966), it also signalled a change in the norms of international society. Based on the principles of collective security, as elaborated in the Charter of the United Nations, these emergent norms sanctified (international) territorial boundaries, promising to usher in a new era of international history. However, the optimism and confidence which surrounded the formation of the United Nations ââ¬â as a forward-looking model of international cooperation ââ¬â was soon disturbed by the Soviet Unionââ¬â¢s entry into the nuclear club in 1949. This was the beginning of the Cold War between the USA and the USSR, which mired international politics, as well as the UN, in an ideological conflict for the next four and a half decades. à à à à à à à à à à à Though the specifics of how the Cold War was fought fall outside the ambit of this paper, it is important to note its effects on the functioning of the UN. The composition of the UN Security Council ââ¬â the organ charged with the maintenance of international peace and security ââ¬â becomes salient here: as permanent members, both the United States and Soviet Union exercised the power of the veto (a single veto from any permanent being enough to sink a Security Council resolution), according to their geopolitical interests (see UN General Assembly, 2004, p. 13-19). This crippled the development of the UN, while consequently stunting the evolution of multilateralism. Changes at the End of the Cold War: Impetus to UN Multilateralism à à à à à à à à à à à The end of the Cold War, in 1991, brought with it a renewed optimism and injected fresh vigour into the UN; finally rid of the ideological divide of the previous decades, the new situation led some scholars to say that: The end of the Cold War lifts a central obstacle to the strengthening of multilateral peacekeeping and the extension of multilateral operations beyond traditional peacekeeping tasks. A revived United Nations Security Council and energetic Secretary-General are the global [centre] of this rapidly evolving effortâ⬠¦ (Roper, Nishihara, Otunnu and Schoettle, 1993, p. 1). Concomitant to this belief, the number of peacekeeping operation of the UN increased, along with the establishment of the UN Protective Force (UNPROFOR) ââ¬â made famous by its engagements in Bosnia ââ¬â in the years following the fall of the Berlin Wall. However, to truly understand the impact of the end of the Cold War on the UN, and its efforts to strengthen multilateralism, we must be appreciative of what actually changed at the ââ¬Å"end of historyâ⬠(Fukuyama, 1993). à à à à à à à à à à à An era of post-internationalism, defined by a complex system of relations between nation-states and non-state actors, was thought to be the most probable outcome of the end of the Cold War (Rosenau, 1990). In reality, the most important changes occurring in the international system were: The emergence of a unipolar world ââ¬â with the United States as the lone superpower ââ¬â though there was a brief debate over the possibility of a return to (a somewhat Westphalian) multipolarity. The structural and ideological impediments to the UNââ¬â¢s operations disappeared, resulting in an environment (apparently) conducive to international cooperation. The emergence of ââ¬Å"New Wars,â⬠which were intra-state affairs, and fuelled by ethno-religious and cultural divides (Kaldor, 1999). The intensification of the process of globalization, rapidly intertwining the national economies of the world into the world economy and with each other, meaning that conflicts would produce more stakeholders interested in their resolution. These changes made for an opportunity for the UN to capitalise on the changing dimensions of international politics and drive home the advantage for the renewed consensus for multilateralism. à à à à à à à à à à à The American preponderance in the immediate aftermath of the end of the Cold War meant that the future of multilateralism would depend, to a great extent, on the willingness of the United States to support and participate in the operations of the UN. This dependence was only natural: the US was the most economically and militarily dominant power at the time, and for any successful venture on the part of the UN, US assistance (or at the very least, support) was essential. Because of the USââ¬â¢ political importance, Security Council resolutions backed by the country were more persuasive and influential than earlier, thus accelerating the strengthening of the UNââ¬â¢s multilateral foundations. Initially, the United States readily participated in UN-backed interventions and peacekeeping missions ââ¬â in Iraq/Kuwait (1990) and Somalia (1992) ââ¬â which coincided with its policy of ââ¬Å"aggressive involvementâ⬠in response to international peace and security at the time (Art, 2003, p. 2-3). Thus, American primacy at the end of the Cold War provided a great impetus to UN-led multilateralism. à à à à à à à à à à à The fall of the East/West divide provided an opportunity to expand the realm of the UNââ¬â¢s multilateral operations beyond that of traditional peacekeeping, to include such areas of peace-building as providing humanitarian assistance, transitions to democratic governments and helping with national reconstruction in post-conflict scenarios. This expanding perspective was explained by the UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to have occurred as a direct consequence of the demise of Cold War animosities amongst the permanent members of the Security Council (1992). The proliferation of UN missions in the early 1990s ââ¬â to Somalia, Cambodia, Namibia, Western Sahara, Angola, Bosnia, Croatia, El Salvador and Mozambique ââ¬â goes to show how much of an impetus the removal of structural impediments gave to the UN at the end of the Cold War. à à à à à à à à à à à The emergence of New Wars called for a change in the understanding of intra-state violence, along with a wider interpretation of the provisions of Chapter VII of the UN Charter (UN, 1945). During the Cold War, the principles of state sovereignty and non-intervention were paramount; according to Article 2(7) of the Charter, Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charterâ⬠¦ (1945.) However, in the post-Cold War era, there has been a considerable shift towards embracing the principles of internal justice (i.e. within states) and individual rights, which require the maintenance of certain universally accepted standards (Taylor and Curtis, 2003, p. 415). This movement towards a semblance of global governance also resulted from the impetus gained from the end of the Cold War. For example, the intervention in Kosovo (late-1990s) was purely on humanitarian grounds, and explicitly breached the (now contested) sovereignty of the Republic of Serbia. On the other hand, the intervention in Somalia was carried out at the stateââ¬â¢s request, while that in Iraq (in 1990) depended on Memorandums of Understanding between the UN and Saddam Hussein. In all of these cases, however, the increasing tendency of multilateral involvement in the domestic affairs of states cannot be overlooked. à à à à à à à à à à à Due to the political and economic structural adjustment policies (enforced by the IMF against the supply of loans) experienced in many parts of the world during the 1980s, the end of the Cold War came at a time when the process of globalization had already taken shape to a certain degree. This process meant the expansion of markets, along with goods and services, across the world, making countries increasingly interdependent. Thus conflict, in any part of the world, now has the potential to disrupt more than a handful of national economies. Hence, there are more takers for multilateral action to resolve conflicts, especially after the (formal) removal of ideological differences within the UN after 1991. For example, in the case of the peacekeeping mission in Bosnia, countries as diverse as Nepal, Fiji, Argentina, Senegal and Iceland, among many others, contributed personnel and supplies to the UN. This was another impetus received by the UN at the end of the Cold War, strengthening its role in multilateral ventures. à à à à à à à à à à à Indeed, the renewed energy exhibited by the Member States of the UN to multilaterally solve international conflicts is evidenced by the fact that peacekeeping operations undertaken after the Cold War easily outnumber those mandated during 1945 to 1990 (UN Peacekeeping, 2008). There has also been an improved dynamism in the Security Council and the General Assembly since 1990, shown by the rise in the number of resolutions proposed and adopted, as against the oftentimes deadlocked scenario of the Cold War (UN Documentation Centre, 2008). These facts show the momentum gained by multilateralism, under the aegis of the UN, in the post-Cold War era. An Evaluation of Post-Cold War Multilateralism à à à à à à à à à à à It is important, however, to make a crucial qualification at this point: greater involvement through the multilateral framework does not tantamount to success in resolving or preventing international conflicts. If we are to make an analytical examination of how far the end of the Cold war proved to be an impetus for the reestablishment of the UN as the focal point for multilateral projects, we must judge the same in terms of what they achieved. The possibilities that the termination of the East/West conflict held for the UN have already been discussed; now, we shall attempt to provide a critical analysis of how multilateralism has fared to obtain the true nature of the impetus in question. à à à à à à à à à à à Throughout the UNââ¬â¢s existence, the question of intervention to stop genocide (or for genocide prevention) has been a thorn in its side. The history of the UN is replete with cases of genocide ââ¬â Uganda (1970s), Paraguay (1974), Democratic Kampuchea (1975-78), Bangladesh (1970-71) and Burundi (1972-73) ââ¬â where it did not take any concrete steps to stop the conflict (Kuper 1982). Regardless of the changes found in the post-Cold War era, the ââ¬Å"right to interveneâ⬠(jus ad bellum, or humanitarian intervention), has only been enforced in Kosovo (Taylor and Curtis, 2003, p. 415). The UN, however, failed to act on time in the cases of Rwanda (1994) and Bosnia (1992-93), resulting in close to a million deaths. In Rwanda alone, the death toll reached more than 800,000, and led Secretary-General Kofi Annan to remark: ââ¬Å"The world failed Rwanda at that time of evil. The international community and the United Nations could not muster the political will to confront itâ⬠(quoted in Glazer, 2004, p. 167). Similarly, the Security Council has been sitting on the fence with regard to Darfur, western Sudan, where Arab militias known as the Janjaweed, with help from the central authority in Khartoum, have been systematically killing (and raping and displacing) black Africans since 2003. Due to the reluctance of the UN to label the conflict in Darfur as genocide, hundreds of thousands continue to die, while more are forced to migrate across the western border into Chad (HRW, 2006). à à à à à à à à à à à Part of the blame lies with the Genocide Convention (concluded in 1948), which obliges Member Parties to ââ¬Å"prevent and punishâ⬠any act of genocide. But, what this clause means in terms of policy directives remains unclear; many Parties are content to push for institutional solutions in these cases, while refraining to term a given situation as genocide, so that they are not dragged into a commitment of conflict resolution. However, at the end of the Cold War, with the consensus for international cooperation and multilateral action on a high, the UN had a golden opportunity to include or append policy recommendations to the Genocide Convention. It was essential to recognise that the history of the UNââ¬â¢s failure to prevent genocide was a function of reluctant nation-states wary of being drawn into a long-term commitment, rather than plainly understanding it as another aspect of the East/West conflict. By oversimplifying the causes of previous failures, the UN also lost that bit of impetus which the end of the Cold War had generated. à à à à à à à à à à à In addition, the multilateral movement suffered another jolt when, given the losses it incurred in Somalia (1992), the American policy slowly started shifting from aggressive involvement to selective engagement: the US, by many accounts, was only interested in taking part in such conflicts which served its national interests (Power 2002). It was the intransigence on the part of the US which, in large measure, contributed to the debacle in Rwanda. Indeed, the fact that the US was actively involved in the Bosnian peace process was not lost on many, leading to speculation that the country was atoning for it inaction in Rwanda, while spawning more radical critiques claiming that the US was more sympathetic to conflicts in Europe and North America (Cooper, 2003). In any event, the reliance on the US for multilateral action proved shaky ââ¬â a reality further reinforced by its unilateral decision to engage in a preventive war in Iraq (in 2003) ââ¬â and only retarded the impetus gained in 1991. à à à à à à à à à à à The UN, Kaldor argues, also suffers from weak conceptual and theoretical comprehension of ââ¬Å"new warsâ⬠(1999). She maintains that it was not the unwillingness to provide resources, a lack of cohesion among peacekeepers or the general tendency of making policies offering short-term solutions which protracted the conflict in Bosnia. Instead, the international community failed to grasp the nature of the ââ¬Å"new nationalismâ⬠that had steered the country into the abyss of an ethno-religious war (Kaldor, 1999, p. 53). This failure also led to the underestimation of how the war would progress; the UN peacekeeping force that reached Bosnia had neither the resources, nor the specific mandate, for conflict prevention. Hence, there was no peace to ââ¬Ëkeepââ¬â¢. à à à à à à à à à à à This brings us to the issues of deployment and mandates. The UN Assistance Mission in Rwanda, which was put in place to see through the transition to democracy ââ¬â as part of the Arusha Accords of 1993 ââ¬â employed 2,500 peacekeepers. At the outbreak of genocide in 1994, the Security Council decided to withdraw all but a tenth of the force, leaving those still remaining in Rwanda to stand by and watch the week-long massacres. In Bosnia, the situation was hardly any better; though the total UNPROFOR contingent totalled 23,000, the requisition to the Security Council asked for 30,000 troops for the safe havens ââ¬â in Srebrenica, Zepa, Tuzla, Sarajevo, Gorazde, and Bihac ââ¬â alone. In the end, 7,500 troops were provided for these areas, and resources for only 3,500 could be managed (Kaldor, p. 65). Again, in Darfur, the Security Council sanctioned a peacekeeping force of 25,000 to work alongside the African Unionââ¬â¢s 7,000-strong peacekeeping mission; however, the mission is yet to be completely deployed, owing to organisational problems. à à à à à à à à à à à Most importantly, though, it is crucial to understand that whatever be the deployment, if the same is not supplied with an aggressive mandate, history shows that it is deemed to fail. An aggressive mandate would entail peace enforcement, in turn requiring a wider reading of the provisions of Chapter VII of the UN Charter. Sending lightly armed peacekeepers into zones of conflict only risks their lives and achieves very little in terms of conflict prevention. In recent years, the UN has found it preferable to mandate individual countries to enforce peace in smaller-scale incidents of violent conflict, like Australia (East Timor 1999), France (Congo, 2003) and the USA (Liberia, 2003). Whether such decisions indicate the complications of an aggressive multilateral approach is difficult to say, but these cases do suggest that unilateral solutions are sometimes simpler. The problems of troop deployment and mandates, therefore, seem to have eroded much of the impetus gained by the UNââ¬â¢s multilateral framework at the beginning of the post-Cold War era. Conclusion: Opportunity Lost, Perspective Gained à à à à à à à à à à à There are two important conclusions that readily derive from the above discussion. Firstly, the changes in the international system at the end of the Cold War produced a scenario where the UN remained the only organisation capable of maintaining peace. This provided a thrust to the multilateral framework which had suffered till then under the shadow of the East/West bipolarity. Without doubt, the end of the Cold War had supplied the UN with a vital impetus to re-establish multilateralism as the definitive path to peace. Secondly, however, an evaluation of post-Cold War multilateralism reveals that this chance was squandered, leading many to call this phase of the UNââ¬â¢s history as ââ¬Å"opportunity lostâ⬠(Johnson, 1999). Indeed, the breakdown of the consensus over the war in Iraq (2003) led Annan to declare that ââ¬Å"[t]he past year has shaken the foundations of collective security and undermined confidence in the possibility of collective responses to our common problems and challengesâ⬠(quoted in UN Press Release, 2003). à à à à à à à à à à à Looking forward, however, we have to contend that it is precisely the US debacle in Iraq has cast grave doubts over unilateral actions, and has prepared the ground once more for the endorsement of multilateralism. Following its initial failures in peacekeeping, the UN maintained that its role in international peace and security remained ââ¬Å"essentialâ⬠(Crossette, 1994); the reverses early on in the post-Cold War era now serve as key points of reference from which to learn and devise more viable policies. The lessons of the past, thus, must provide the paths to the present (and the future). The opportunity given to the UN and multilateralism by the fall of the Soviet Union was spurned over the subsequent decade. The international system has again generated a similar impetus which should, this time, be treated with the utmost care and responsibility. References Art, R. J. (2003). A Grand Strategy for America. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Boutros-Ghali, B. (1992). An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peace-keeping. A/47/277. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www.un.org/docs/SG/agpeace.html Cooper, M. H. (February 23, 2003). Future of NATO. CQ Researcher, 13, 8, pp. 177-200. Crossette, B. (December 5, 1994). UN Falters in Post-Cold War Peacekeeping, but Sees Role as Essential. The New York Times. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C07E3DC1739F936A35751C1A962958260 Fukuyama, F. (1993). The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Harper Perennial. Glazer, S. (August 27, 2004). Stopping Genocide. CQ Researcher, 14, 29, pp. 165-187. Human Rights Watch. (December 2006). Darfur Bleeds: Militia Attacks on Civilians in Chad. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www.hrw.org/ Johnson, R. (January 1999). Post-Cold War Security: The Lost Opportunities. The Disarmament Forum, 1, 5-11. Kaldor, M. (1999). New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Kuper, L. (1982). Genocide: Its Political Use in the Twentieth Century. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Power, S. (2002). A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide. New York: Harper Perennial. Roper, J., Nishihara, M., Otunnu, O. A., Schoettle, E. C. B. (1993). Keeping the Peace in the Post-Cold War Era: Strengthening Multilateral Peacekeeping ââ¬â A Report to the Trilateral Commission. New York: The Trilateral Commission. Rosenau, J. N. (1990). Turbulence in World Politics: A theory of Change and Continuity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Taylor, P. and Curtis, D. (2003). The United Nations. In Baylis, J. and Smith, S. The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 405-424. United Nations Documentation Centre. (2008). General Assembly Resolutions | Security Council Resolutions. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www.un.org/documents/index.html United Nations General Assembly. (2004). Report of the Open-ended Working Group on the Question of Equitable Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council and Other matters related to the Security Council. A/58/47. New York: United Nations. United Nations Peacekeeping. (2008). List of Operations: 1948-2008. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/list/list.pdf United Nations Press Release. (November 2003). Secretary-General Names High-level Panel to Study Global Security Threats, and Recommend Necessary Changes. SG/A/857. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www.un.org/News/dh/hlpanel/press-release-041103.pdf United Nations. (1945). Charter of the United Nations. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/ Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5843563321921829137.post-45823624602472007352019-11-14T13:51:00.001-08:002019-11-14T13:51:03.649-08:00Tuberculosis and Typhus Fever: Diseases of Class in 19th-Century EnglanTuberculosis and Typhus Fever: Diseases of Class in 19th-Century England Missing Works Cited Although more prevalent amongst the working class, tuberculosis and typhus fever were contracted by all populations in Victorian England. People of the upper and middle classes could afford treatment while the poor were often subjected to unsanitary, disease-ridden living conditions. Charity schools were common places of infection due to inedible food and a vulnerability to contagion, i.e., the necessity of sharing beds and drinking from a common cup. F.B. Smith confirms the increased likelihood of disease within charity schools in his book The Retreat of Tuberculosis. He states "Charity school children displayed above average rates (of tuberculosis) even though the badly affected individuals usually were excluded" (7). Tuberculosis and typhus fever outbreaks, increased significantly in the nineteenth century due to overcrowding, poor housing conditions, low wages and standards of nutrition, ignorance, and lack of effective medical treatment. Tuberculosis is marked by symptoms such as a hollow cough, an emaciated body, nightly weats and daily intermittent fevers. Tuberculosis was common amongst working classes because it was contracted through pestilent, infected air, manifesting itself in places surrounded by swampy land. Geography plays an important role in the transmission of tuberculosis. The working classes could not afford to live in areas that were free of the epidemic. The upper classes did contract consumption, although they sought the medicine of the day which often brought them to health. The most popular remedy was a sea voyage in a warm climate, but also pure air and the most nutritious food were encouraged. Accordi... ...the poor were supposed to be upgraded by industrial innovations; but, on the other hand, company waste and inadequate working conditions, exploitation, took a severe toll on the very people this revolution was supposed to help. The mass presence of disease was due to the degradation of society. Poor conditions of various institutions, a side effect of the revolution, presented a dangerous risk of exposure for lower, working class families. Tuberculosis and typhus fever were painful, contagious, and long-lasting epidemics that killed people of all classes. Naturally, the lower classes suffered the most. The upper classes reaped the financial benefits from this new urban society, while the working classes were subjected to filthy, disease-ridden atmosphere. The impoverished have always been the disadvantaged, but in 19th century England, they paid with their lives. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0